MDL-86087 gha: Bump versions to the required values

For 5.2:
- Minimum PHP version is bumped to 8.3
- Minimum PostgreSQL version is bumped to 16

.github/workflows/push.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
           # MySQL builds always run with the lowest PHP supported version.
           - os: ubuntu-24.04
-            php: 8.2
+            php: 8.3
             extensions:
             db: mysqli
           # PostgreSQL builds always run with the highest PHP supported version.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.db == 'pgsql' }}
         uses: m4nu56/postgresql-action@v1
         with:
-          postgresql version: 15
+          postgresql version: 16
           postgresql db: test
           postgresql user: test
           postgresql password: test

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
             db: pgsql
             extensions: exif, fileinfo, gd, intl, pgsql, mysql, redis, soap, sodium, zip
           - os: windows-latest
-            php: 8.2
+            php: 8.3
             db: pgsql
             extensions: exif, fileinfo, gd, intl, pgsql, mysql, redis, soap, sodium, zip