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moodler
2002-12-15 10:41:00 +00:00
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lang/en_us/help/questions.html
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<h2>Asking questions</h2>
<p>Socratic questions are open-ended, probing questions designed to promote critical
evaluation of ideas, as well as encourage the creation of new ideas. Below are
some examples of such questions:</p>
<h3>Questions of Clarification</h3>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Questions</B></P>
<P>A good way to help other people think about a subject is to
ask them a question about it. Being asked a good question
can really help us put information together, evaluate our
existing ideas and create new ideas.</P>
<P>Asking questions that are specifically intended to help
others learn is known as <I>Socratic questioning</I>.</P>
<P>Such questions require you to listen very carefully
to the other person to help you judge and phrase your question
in a helpful, constructive, and hopefully non-confrontational way.
<P>Here are some examples of Socratic questions:</P>
<!--Hidden comment: Someday I will include a great example dialogue here -->
<h3>Questions of clarification</h3>
<ul>
<li>What do you mean by ____?</li>
<li>What do you mean when you say ______?</li>
<li>What is your main point?</li>
<li>How does _____ relate to _____?</li>
<li>Could you put that another way?</li>
<li>Is your basic point _____ or _____?</li>
<li>What do you think is the main issue here?</li>
<li>Let me see if I understand you; do you mean _____ or _____?</li>
<li>How does this relate to our problem/discussion/issue?</li>
<li>What do you, Mike, mean by this remark? What do you take Mike to mean by
his remark?</li>
<li>Jane, can you summarize in your own words what Richard said? . . . Richard,
is this what you meant?</li>
<li>Jane, can you summarize in your own words what Richard said? ... Richard, is this what you meant?</li>
<li>Could you give me an example?</li>
<li>Would this be an example, . . .?</li>
<li>Could you explain this further?</li>
<li>Would you say more about that?</li>
<li>Why do you say that?</li>
<li>Would _____ be a good example of that?</li>
</ul>
<h3>Questions that probe assumptions</h3>
<ul>
<li>What are you assuming?</li>
<li>What are you assuming here?</li>
<li>What is Jenny assuming?</li>
<li>What could we assume instead?</li>
<li>You seem to be assuming _____. Do I understand you correctly?</li>
<li>All of your reasoning depends on the idea that _____. Why have you based
your reasoning on _____ instead of _____?</li>
<li>All of your reasoning depends on the idea that _____. Why have you based your reasoning on _____ instead of _____?</li>
<li>You seem to be assuming _____. How do you justify taking that for granted?</li>
<li>Is that always the case? Why do you think the assumption holds here?</li>
<li>Is that always the case? Why do you think the assumption holds here?</li>
<li>Why would someone make that assumption? </li>
</ul>
<h3>Questions that probe reasons and evidence</h3>
<ul>
<li>What would be an example?</li>
<li>How do you know?</li>
<li>Why do you think that is true?</li>
<li>Do you have any evidence for that?</li>
<li>What difference does that make?</li>
<li>What are your reasons for saying that?</li>
<li>What other information do you need?</li>
<li>Could you explain your reasons to us?</li>
<li>Are these reasons adequate?</li>
<li>Why do you say that?</li>
<li>What led you to that belief?</li>
<li>How does that apply to this case?</li>
<li>What would change your mind?</li>
<li>But, is that good evidence for that belief?</li>
<li>Is there a reason to doubt that evidence?</li>
<li>Who is in a position to know that is true?</li>
<li>What would you say to someone who said that ____?</li>
@@ -57,10 +50,8 @@
<li>By what reasoning did you come to that conclusion?</li>
<li>How could we find out if that is true? </li>
</ul>
<h3>Questions about Viewpoints or Perspectives </h3>
<h3>Questions about viewpoints or perspectives </h3>
<ul>
<li>The term &quot;imply&quot; will require clarification when used with younger
students.</li>
<li>What are you implying by that?</li>
<li>When you say _____, are you implying _____?</li>
<li>But, if that happened, what else would happen as a result? Why?</li>
@@ -70,7 +61,7 @@
<li>If _____ and _____ are the case, then what might also be true?</li>
<li>If we say that ____ is ethical, how about _____? </li>
</ul>
<h3>Questions that Probe Implications and Consequences </h3>
<h3>Questions that probe implications and consequences </h3>
<ul>
<li>How can we find out?</li>
<li>What does this question assume?</li>
@@ -79,16 +70,16 @@
<li>Can we break this question down at all?</li>
<li>Is this question clear? Do we understand it?</li>
<li>Is this question easy or hard to answer? Why?</li>
<li>Does this question ask us to evaluate something? What?</li>
<li>Do we all agree that this is the question?</li>
<li>To answer this question, what other questions must we answer first?</li>
<li>I'm not sure I understand how you are interpreting this question. Is this
the same as _____?</li>
<li>How would _____ state the issue?</li>
<li>Why is this issue important?</li>
<li>Is this the most important question, or is there an underlying question
that is really the issue? </li>
<li>Is this the most important question, or is there an underlying question?</li>
<li>Can you see how this might relate to ________?</li>
</ul>
<HR>
<FONT SIZE=1><I>Questions adapted from Paul, R. (1993). Critical Thinking: How To Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World: Foundation for Critical Thinking, Santa Rosa, CA. </I></FONT>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("writing", get_string("helpwriting"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("reading", get_string("helpreading"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
lang/en_us/help/reading.html
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Reading</B></P>
<P>When reading texts quickly it is often very easy to misunderstand what the
author was trying to say.</P>
<P>To avoid misunderstanding, read their words carefully and try to see things
from the author's point of view.<P>
<P>It can also help to think of what the author has NOT said or left in doubt
- this may help you form questions in your own mind.</P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("questions", get_string("helpquestions"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("writing", get_string("helpwriting"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
lang/en_us/help/writing.html
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Writing</B></P>
<P>When writing text for others to read, try and write directly to your audience.</P>
<P>Explain your ideas as clearly and simply as you can to help avoid misunderstandings.
One thing you can do is to avoid long words when a short one will do.</P>
<P>In the forums it will really help to keep your whole posts short and on-topic.
Instead of one long rambling post that makes many different points, it may be
better to write several shorter ones (they may even belong in separate forums).
<P>Re-edit your text as much as necessary until you get it right.
Even in forum posts you have <?PHP echo ($CFG->maxeditingtime/60) ?> minutes
after you've posted it to go back and improve it if necessary.</P>
<P>When replying to others, try and think of interesting questions you
can ask them. This will help both you and the other person think (and learn!)
about the subject you are discussing.</P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("questions", get_string("helpquestions"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("reading", get_string("helpreading"), "moodle", true, true) ?></P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><? helpbutton("ratings", get_string("separateandconnected"), "forum", true, true) ?></P>