diff --git a/src/backend/core/tasks/search.py b/src/backend/core/tasks/search.py
index e1c39e6b..083e2e03 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/tasks/search.py
+++ b/src/backend/core/tasks/search.py
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ logger = getLogger(__file__)
 
 @app.task
 def document_indexer_task(document_id):
-    """Celery Task : Sends indexation query for a document."""
+    """
+    Celery Task: Indexes a single document by its ID.
+    
+    Args:
+        document_id: Primary key of the document to index.
+    """
     indexer = get_document_indexer()
 
     if indexer:
@@ -30,8 +35,17 @@ def document_indexer_task(document_id):
 
 def batch_indexer_throttle_acquire(timeout: int = 0, atomic: bool = True):
     """
-    Enable the task throttle flag for a delay.
-    Uses redis locks if available to ensure atomic changes
+    Acquire a throttle lock to prevent multiple batch indexation tasks during countdown.
+    
+    implements a debouncing pattern: only the first call during the timeout period
+    will succeed, subsequent calls are skipped until the timeout expires.
+
+    Args:
+        timeout (int): Lock duration in seconds (countdown period).
+        atomic (bool): Use Redis locks for atomic operations if available.
+    
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if lock acquired (first call), False if already held (subsequent calls).
     """
     key = "document-batch-indexer-throttle"
 
@@ -41,15 +55,23 @@ def batch_indexer_throttle_acquire(timeout: int = 0, atomic: bool = True):
         with cache.locks(key):
             return batch_indexer_throttle_acquire(timeout, atomic=False)
 
-    # Use add() here :
-    #   - set the flag and returns true if not exist
-    #   - do nothing and return false if exist
+    # cache.add() is atomic test-and-set operation:
+    #   - If key doesn't exist: creates it with timeout and returns True
+    #   - If key already exists: does nothing and returns False
+    # The key expires after timeout seconds, releasing the lock.
+    # The value 1 is irrelevant, only the key presence/absence matters.
     return cache.add(key, 1, timeout=timeout)
 
 
 @app.task
 def batch_document_indexer_task(timestamp):
-    """Celery Task : Sends indexation query for a batch of documents."""
+    """
+    Celery Task: Batch indexes all documents modified since timestamp.
+    
+    Args:
+        timestamp: ISO timestamp to filter documents by updated_at, deleted_at, 
+                   or ancestors_deleted_at.
+    """
     indexer = get_document_indexer()
 
     if indexer:
@@ -65,20 +87,29 @@ def batch_document_indexer_task(timestamp):
 
 def trigger_batch_document_indexer(document):
     """
-    Trigger indexation task with debounce a delay set by the SEARCH_INDEXER_COUNTDOWN setting.
-
+    Trigger document indexation with optional debounce mechanism.
+    
+    behavior depends on SEARCH_INDEXER_COUNTDOWN setting:
+    - if countdown > 0 sec (async batch mode):
+      * schedules a batch indexation task after countdown in seconds
+      * uses throttle mechanism to ensure only ONE batch task runs per countdown period
+      * all documents modified since first trigger are indexed together
+    - if countdown == 0 sec (sync mode):
+      * executes indexation synchronously in the current thread
+      * no batching, no throttling, no Celery task queuing
+    
     Args:
-        document (Document): The document instance.
+        document (Document): the document instance that triggered the indexation.
     """
     countdown = int(settings.SEARCH_INDEXER_COUNTDOWN)
 
-    # DO NOT create a task if indexation if disabled
+    # DO NOT create a task if indexation is disabled
     if not settings.SEARCH_INDEXER_CLASS:
         return
 
     if countdown > 0:
-        # Each time this method is called during a countdown, we increment the
-        # counter and each task decrease it, so the index be run only once.
+        # use throttle to ensure only one task is scheduled per countdown period.
+        # if throttle acquired, schedule batch task; otherwise skip.
         if batch_indexer_throttle_acquire(timeout=countdown):
             logger.info(
                 "Add task for batch document indexation from updated_at=%s in %d seconds",