diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/GitHubIssues.tsx b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/GitHubIssues.tsx
index 2a107d56..410b60d4 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/GitHubIssues.tsx
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/GitHubIssues.tsx
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ export function GitHubIssues({ onOpenSettings, onNavigateToTask }: GitHubIssuesP
             onSelectIssue={selectIssue}
             onInvestigate={handleInvestigate}
             onLoadMore={!isSearchActive ? handleLoadMore : undefined}
+            onRetry={handleRefresh}
+            onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings}
           />
         </div>
 
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/GitHubErrorDisplay.tsx b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/GitHubErrorDisplay.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2db1078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/GitHubErrorDisplay.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import {
+  AlertTriangle,
+  Clock,
+  Key,
+  Shield,
+  WifiOff,
+  SearchX,
+  RefreshCw,
+  Settings2,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import { Button } from '../../ui/button';
+import { Card, CardContent } from '../../ui/card';
+import { cn } from '../../../lib/utils';
+import { parseGitHubError } from '../utils/github-error-parser';
+import type { GitHubErrorInfo, GitHubErrorType } from '../types';
+
+/**
+ * Props for the GitHubErrorDisplay component.
+ */
+export interface GitHubErrorDisplayProps {
+  /** Raw error string or pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo */
+  error: string | GitHubErrorInfo | null;
+  /** Callback when user clicks retry button */
+  onRetry?: () => void;
+  /** Callback when user clicks settings button */
+  onOpenSettings?: () => void;
+  /** Additional CSS classes */
+  className?: string;
+  /** Whether to show as compact inline error (vs full-width card) */
+  compact?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for each error type: icon, color, title key.
+ */
+const ERROR_CONFIG: Record<
+  GitHubErrorType,
+  {
+    icon: React.ComponentType<{ className?: string }>;
+    titleKey: string;
+    iconColorClass: string;
+  }
+> = {
+  rate_limit: {
+    icon: Clock,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.rateLimitTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-warning',
+  },
+  auth: {
+    icon: Key,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.authTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-destructive',
+  },
+  permission: {
+    icon: Shield,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.permissionTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-destructive',
+  },
+  not_found: {
+    icon: SearchX,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.notFoundTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-muted-foreground',
+  },
+  network: {
+    icon: WifiOff,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.networkTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-warning',
+  },
+  unknown: {
+    icon: AlertTriangle,
+    titleKey: 'githubErrors.unknownTitle',
+    iconColorClass: 'text-destructive',
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base message keys for each error type.
+ * Hoisted to module scope to avoid recreation on every function call.
+ */
+const BASE_MESSAGE_KEYS: Record<GitHubErrorType, string> = {
+  rate_limit: 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage',
+  auth: 'githubErrors.authMessage',
+  permission: 'githubErrors.permissionMessage',
+  not_found: 'githubErrors.notFoundMessage',
+  network: 'githubErrors.networkMessage',
+  unknown: 'githubErrors.unknownMessage',
+};
+
+/**
+ * Countdown time components for i18n-friendly formatting.
+ */
+interface CountdownComponents {
+  hours: number;
+  minutes: number;
+  seconds: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate countdown time components from reset time.
+ * Returns numeric values for i18n-friendly formatting in the component.
+ */
+function getCountdownComponents(resetTime: Date): CountdownComponents | null {
+  const now = new Date();
+  const diffMs = resetTime.getTime() - now.getTime();
+
+  if (diffMs <= 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const diffSecs = Math.floor(diffMs / 1000);
+  const diffMins = Math.floor(diffSecs / 60);
+  const diffHours = Math.floor(diffMins / 60);
+
+  return {
+    hours: diffHours,
+    minutes: diffHours > 0 ? diffMins % 60 : diffMins,
+    seconds: diffSecs % 60,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Select the most specific message key based on available metadata.
+ * Pure function extracted to module scope to avoid recreation on each render.
+ * @param info - The error info object
+ * @param rateLimitDiffMs - Pre-computed time difference in milliseconds (avoids dual calculation)
+ */
+function getMessageKey(info: GitHubErrorInfo, rateLimitDiffMs?: number): string {
+  if (info.type === 'rate_limit' && rateLimitDiffMs !== undefined && rateLimitDiffMs > 0) {
+    const diffMins = Math.ceil(rateLimitDiffMs / 60000);
+    return diffMins >= 60
+      ? 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessageHours'
+      : 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessageMinutes';
+  }
+  if (info.type === 'permission' && info.requiredScopes && info.requiredScopes.length > 0) {
+    return 'githubErrors.permissionMessageScopes';
+  }
+  return BASE_MESSAGE_KEYS[info.type];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Component that displays GitHub API errors with appropriate icons,
+ * messages, and action buttons based on error type.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```tsx
+ * // With raw error string
+ * <GitHubErrorDisplay
+ *   error="GitHub API error: 403 - Rate limit exceeded"
+ *   onRetry={handleRetry}
+ * />
+ *
+ * // With pre-parsed error info
+ * <GitHubErrorDisplay
+ *   error={errorInfo}
+ *   onOpenSettings={handleOpenSettings}
+ *   compact
+ * />
+ * ```
+ */
+export function GitHubErrorDisplay({
+  error,
+  onRetry,
+  onOpenSettings,
+  className,
+  compact = false,
+}: GitHubErrorDisplayProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation('common');
+
+  // Parse error if it's a string, otherwise use the provided GitHubErrorInfo
+  // Memoize to prevent useEffect churn from new Date references on each render
+  const errorInfo: GitHubErrorInfo = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      typeof error === 'string' || error === null
+        ? parseGitHubError(error)
+        : error,
+    [error]
+  );
+
+  // State for rate limit countdown components
+  const [countdownComponents, setCountdownComponents] = useState<CountdownComponents | null>(() =>
+    errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime
+      ? getCountdownComponents(errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime)
+      : null
+  );
+
+  // Update countdown every second for rate limit errors
+  // Extract timestamp for stable useEffect dependency (avoids optional chaining in deps)
+  const resetTimeMs = errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime?.getTime();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (errorInfo.type !== 'rate_limit' || !errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime) {
+      // Clear stale countdown state when error type changes away from rate_limit
+      setCountdownComponents(null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const resetTime = errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime;
+    let intervalId: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | undefined;
+
+    const updateCountdown = () => {
+      const components = getCountdownComponents(resetTime);
+      setCountdownComponents(components);
+      // Stop the interval when countdown expires
+      if (!components && intervalId) {
+        clearInterval(intervalId);
+        intervalId = undefined;
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Update immediately
+    updateCountdown();
+
+    // Only set interval if countdown is still active
+    if (getCountdownComponents(resetTime)) {
+      intervalId = setInterval(updateCountdown, 1000);
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup on unmount or when error changes
+    return () => {
+      if (intervalId) clearInterval(intervalId);
+    };
+  }, [errorInfo.type, resetTimeMs]);
+
+  // Format countdown using i18n
+  const formatCountdownDisplay = (components: CountdownComponents | null): string => {
+    if (!components) return '';
+    if (components.hours > 0) {
+      return t('githubErrors.countdownHoursMinutes', {
+        hours: components.hours,
+        minutes: components.minutes,
+      });
+    }
+    return t('githubErrors.countdownMinutesSeconds', {
+      minutes: components.minutes,
+      seconds: components.seconds,
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Get configuration for this error type
+  const config = ERROR_CONFIG[errorInfo.type];
+  const Icon = config.icon;
+
+  // Determine which actions to show
+  const showRetry = ['rate_limit', 'network', 'unknown'].includes(errorInfo.type);
+  const showSettings = ['auth', 'permission'].includes(errorInfo.type);
+  const isRateLimitExpired =
+    errorInfo.type === 'rate_limit' &&
+    errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime &&
+    new Date() >= errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime;
+
+  // Don't render if no error
+  if (!error) return null;
+
+  // Compute time remaining once for both message key selection and translation
+  const rateLimitDiffMs = errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime
+    ? errorInfo.rateLimitResetTime.getTime() - Date.now()
+    : undefined;
+
+  // Get the translated message with appropriate interpolation values
+  const messageKey = getMessageKey(errorInfo, rateLimitDiffMs);
+  // Only pass positive minutes/hours values to avoid stale negative/zero values
+  const rawMinutes = rateLimitDiffMs ? Math.ceil(rateLimitDiffMs / 60000) : undefined;
+  const minutes = rawMinutes && rawMinutes > 0 ? rawMinutes : undefined;
+  const hours = minutes ? Math.ceil(minutes / 60) : undefined;
+
+  const errorMessage = t(messageKey, {
+    defaultValue: errorInfo.message,
+    minutes,
+    hours,
+    scopes: errorInfo.requiredScopes?.join(', '),
+  });
+
+  // Compact variant for inline display
+  if (compact) {
+    return (
+      <div
+        role="alert"
+        aria-label={errorMessage}
+        className={cn(
+          'flex items-center gap-2 p-3 rounded-lg bg-muted/50 border border-border',
+          className
+        )}
+        title={errorMessage}
+      >
+        <Icon className={cn('h-4 w-4 shrink-0', config.iconColorClass)} />
+        <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground flex-1 truncate">
+          {t(config.titleKey)}
+        </span>
+        {showRetry && onRetry && (
+          <Button
+            variant="ghost"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={onRetry}
+            className="h-7 px-2"
+          >
+            <RefreshCw className="h-3 w-3 mr-1" />
+            {t('buttons.retry')}
+          </Button>
+        )}
+        {showSettings && onOpenSettings && (
+          <Button
+            variant="ghost"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={onOpenSettings}
+            className="h-7 px-2"
+          >
+            <Settings2 className="h-3 w-3 mr-1" />
+            {t('actions.settings')}
+          </Button>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Full card variant for blocking errors
+  return (
+    <Card role="alert" className={cn('border-destructive/50 m-4', className)}>
+      <CardContent className="pt-6">
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 text-center">
+          <div className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full bg-muted/50 flex items-center justify-center">
+            <Icon className={cn('h-6 w-6', config.iconColorClass)} />
+          </div>
+          <div className="space-y-2 max-w-md">
+            <h3 className="font-semibold text-lg text-foreground">
+              {t(config.titleKey)}
+            </h3>
+            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{errorMessage}</p>
+            {/* Rate limit countdown display */}
+            {errorInfo.type === 'rate_limit' && countdownComponents && (
+              <p className="text-xs text-warning font-medium">
+                {t('githubErrors.resetsIn', { time: formatCountdownDisplay(countdownComponents) })}
+              </p>
+            )}
+            {/* Rate limit expired - show retry prompt */}
+            {isRateLimitExpired && (
+              <p className="text-xs text-primary">
+                {t('githubErrors.rateLimitExpired')}
+              </p>
+            )}
+            {/* Required scopes for permission errors */}
+            {errorInfo.requiredScopes && errorInfo.requiredScopes.length > 0 && (
+              <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                {t('githubErrors.requiredScopes')}:{' '}
+                <code className="bg-muted px-1 rounded">
+                  {errorInfo.requiredScopes.join(', ')}
+                </code>
+              </p>
+            )}
+          </div>
+          {/* Action buttons */}
+          <div className="flex gap-2">
+            {showRetry && onRetry && (
+              <Button onClick={onRetry} variant="outline" size="sm">
+                <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
+                {t('buttons.retry')}
+              </Button>
+            )}
+            {showSettings && onOpenSettings && (
+              <Button onClick={onOpenSettings} variant="outline" size="sm">
+                <Settings2 className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
+                {t('actions.settings')}
+              </Button>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/IssueList.tsx b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/IssueList.tsx
index b21b877c..d6586889 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/IssueList.tsx
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/IssueList.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { useRef, useEffect, useCallback, useState } from 'react';
-import { Loader2, AlertCircle } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { ScrollArea } from '../../ui/scroll-area';
 import { IssueListItem } from './IssueListItem';
 import { EmptyState } from './EmptyStates';
+import { GitHubErrorDisplay } from './GitHubErrorDisplay';
 import type { IssueListProps } from '../types';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@ export function IssueList({
   error,
   onSelectIssue,
   onInvestigate,
-  onLoadMore
+  onLoadMore,
+  onRetry,
+  onOpenSettings
 }: IssueListProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation('common');
   const loadMoreTriggerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -50,12 +53,12 @@ export function IssueList({
   // Load-more errors are shown inline near the load-more trigger
   if (error && issues.length === 0) {
     return (
-      <div className="p-4 bg-destructive/10 border-b border-destructive/30">
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-destructive">
-          <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4" />
-          {error}
-        </div>
-      </div>
+      <GitHubErrorDisplay
+        error={error}
+        onRetry={onRetry}
+        onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings}
+        className="flex-1"
+      />
     );
   }
 
@@ -85,15 +88,18 @@ export function IssueList({
         ))}
 
         {/* Load more trigger / Loading indicator */}
+        {/* Inline error for load-more failures (visible even when onLoadMore is undefined during search) */}
+        {error && issues.length > 0 && (
+          <GitHubErrorDisplay
+            error={error}
+            onRetry={onRetry}
+            onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings}
+            compact
+            className="w-full"
+          />
+        )}
         {onLoadMore && (
           <div ref={loadMoreTriggerRef} className="py-4 flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
-            {/* Inline error for load-more failures (when issues are already loaded) */}
-            {error && issues.length > 0 && (
-              <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-destructive">
-                <AlertCircle className="h-4 w-4" />
-                {error}
-              </div>
-            )}
             {isLoadingMore ? (
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-muted-foreground">
                 <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/__tests__/GitHubErrorDisplay.test.tsx b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/__tests__/GitHubErrorDisplay.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..092bc042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/__tests__/GitHubErrorDisplay.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/**
+ * @vitest-environment jsdom
+ */
+/**
+ * Unit tests for GitHubErrorDisplay component.
+ * Tests error display, icon rendering, button visibility, and countdown functionality.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom/vitest';
+import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { GitHubErrorDisplay } from '../GitHubErrorDisplay';
+import type { GitHubErrorInfo } from '../../types';
+
+// Mock react-i18next
+vi.mock('react-i18next', () => ({
+  useTranslation: () => ({
+    t: (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      const translations: Record<string, string> = {
+        'githubErrors.rateLimitTitle': 'GitHub Rate Limit Reached',
+        'githubErrors.authTitle': 'GitHub Authentication Required',
+        'githubErrors.permissionTitle': 'GitHub Permission Denied',
+        'githubErrors.notFoundTitle': 'GitHub Resource Not Found',
+        'githubErrors.networkTitle': 'GitHub Connection Error',
+        'githubErrors.unknownTitle': 'GitHub Error',
+        'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage': 'GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait a moment before trying again.',
+        'githubErrors.rateLimitMessageMinutes': `GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait ${options?.minutes ?? 'X'} minute(s) before trying again.`,
+        'githubErrors.rateLimitMessageHours': `GitHub API rate limit reached. Rate limit resets in approximately ${options?.hours ?? 'X'} hour(s).`,
+        'githubErrors.authMessage': 'GitHub authentication failed. Please check your GitHub token in Settings.',
+        'githubErrors.permissionMessage': 'GitHub permission denied. Your token may not have the required access.',
+        'githubErrors.permissionMessageScopes': `GitHub permission denied. Your token is missing required scopes: ${options?.scopes ?? ''}. Please update your GitHub token in Settings.`,
+        'githubErrors.notFoundMessage': 'The requested GitHub resource was not found.',
+        'githubErrors.networkMessage': 'Unable to connect to GitHub. Please check your internet connection.',
+        'githubErrors.unknownMessage': 'An unexpected error occurred while communicating with GitHub.',
+        'githubErrors.resetsIn': options?.time ? `Resets in ${options.time as string}` : 'Resets in',
+        'githubErrors.countdownHoursMinutes': `${options?.hours ?? 0}h ${options?.minutes ?? 0}m`,
+        'githubErrors.countdownMinutesSeconds': `${options?.minutes ?? 0}m ${options?.seconds ?? 0}s`,
+        'githubErrors.rateLimitExpired': 'Rate limit has reset. You can retry now.',
+        'githubErrors.requiredScopes': 'Required scopes',
+        'buttons.retry': 'Retry',
+        'actions.settings': 'Settings',
+      };
+      return translations[key] || key;
+    },
+  }),
+}));
+
+// Helper to create mock GitHubErrorInfo
+function createMockErrorInfo(
+  type: GitHubErrorInfo['type'],
+  overrides: Partial<GitHubErrorInfo> = {}
+): GitHubErrorInfo {
+  const defaults: Record<string, GitHubErrorInfo> = {
+    rate_limit: {
+      type: 'rate_limit',
+      message: 'GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait a moment before trying again.',
+      statusCode: 403,
+    },
+    auth: {
+      type: 'auth',
+      message: 'GitHub authentication failed. Please check your GitHub token in Settings.',
+      statusCode: 401,
+    },
+    permission: {
+      type: 'permission',
+      message: 'GitHub permission denied. Your token may not have the required access.',
+      statusCode: 403,
+    },
+    not_found: {
+      type: 'not_found',
+      message: 'The requested GitHub resource was not found.',
+      statusCode: 404,
+    },
+    network: {
+      type: 'network',
+      message: 'Unable to connect to GitHub. Please check your internet connection.',
+    },
+    unknown: {
+      type: 'unknown',
+      message: 'An unexpected error occurred while communicating with GitHub.',
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { ...defaults[type], ...overrides };
+}
+
+describe('GitHubErrorDisplay', () => {
+  describe('rendering null/empty states', () => {
+    it('should render nothing when error is null', () => {
+      const { container } = render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={null} />);
+      expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should render nothing when error is an empty string', () => {
+      // Empty string is falsy, so component should return null
+      const { container } = render(
+        <GitHubErrorDisplay error={'' as string} />
+      );
+      expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rendering with string error', () => {
+    it('should render error display when error is a string', () => {
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error="401 Unauthorized" />);
+
+      // Should show the auth title (parsed from the error)
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Authentication Required')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render error display for rate limit string error', () => {
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error="rate limit exceeded" />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Rate Limit Reached')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rendering with GitHubErrorInfo object', () => {
+    it('should render rate_limit error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Rate Limit Reached')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(
+        screen.getByText(/GitHub API rate limit reached/)
+      ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render auth error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Authentication Required')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.getByText(/authentication failed/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render permission error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission', {
+        requiredScopes: ['repo', 'workflow'],
+      });
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Permission Denied')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      // Check that permission message is rendered
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Your token is missing required scopes/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+      // Should show required scopes in the code element
+      expect(screen.getByText('repo, workflow')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render not_found error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('not_found');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Resource Not Found')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.getByText(/not found/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render network error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('network');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Connection Error')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Unable to connect/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should render unknown error correctly', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('unknown');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Error')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.getByText(/unexpected error/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('compact mode', () => {
+    it('should render compact variant when compact=true', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} compact />);
+
+      // In compact mode, the title is in a smaller span
+      expect(screen.getByText('GitHub Rate Limit Reached')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      // Should not render the card structure (no centered layout)
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('heading', { level: 3 })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should show retry button in compact mode for rate_limit errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} compact onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      const retryButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i });
+      expect(retryButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      fireEvent.click(retryButton);
+      expect(onRetry).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should show settings button in compact mode for auth errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} compact onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      const settingsButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /settings/i });
+      expect(settingsButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      fireEvent.click(settingsButton);
+      expect(onOpenSettings).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('full card mode (default)', () => {
+    it('should render card structure by default', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      // Should render heading
+      expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { level: 3 })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should show retry button for rate_limit errors with onRetry callback', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      const retryButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i });
+      expect(retryButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      fireEvent.click(retryButton);
+      expect(onRetry).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should show retry button for network errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('network');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      const retryButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i });
+      expect(retryButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should show retry button for unknown errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('unknown');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      const retryButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i });
+      expect(retryButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show retry button for auth errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /retry/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show retry button for permission errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /retry/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show retry button for not_found errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('not_found');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /retry/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should show settings button for auth errors with onOpenSettings callback', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      const settingsButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /settings/i });
+      expect(settingsButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      fireEvent.click(settingsButton);
+      expect(onOpenSettings).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should show settings button for permission errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      const settingsButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /settings/i });
+      expect(settingsButton).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show settings button for rate_limit errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /settings/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show settings button for network errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('network');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /settings/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rate limit countdown', () => {
+    it('should display countdown for rate limit errors with reset time', () => {
+      // Set reset time 5 minutes in the future
+      const resetTime = new Date(Date.now() + 5 * 60 * 1000);
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit', {
+        rateLimitResetTime: resetTime,
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      // Should show countdown in "Xm Ys" format (e.g., "4m 59s" or "5m 0s")
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Resets in \d+m \d+s/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should set up interval to update countdown', () => {
+      vi.useFakeTimers();
+      const resetTime = new Date(Date.now() + 2 * 60 * 1000);
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit', {
+        rateLimitResetTime: resetTime,
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      // Initial countdown should be displayed
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Resets in/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      // Verify interval is running by checking timers
+      const timerCount = vi.getTimerCount();
+      expect(timerCount).toBe(1); // One interval should be running
+
+      // Advance time and verify interval still fires
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Resets in/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT show countdown for non-rate-limit errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByText(/Resets in/)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should show rate limit expired message when reset time has passed', () => {
+      // Set reset time in the past
+      const resetTime = new Date(Date.now() - 1000);
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit', {
+        rateLimitResetTime: resetTime,
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(
+        screen.getByText('Rate limit has reset. You can retry now.')
+      ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should cleanup interval on unmount', () => {
+      vi.useFakeTimers();
+      const clearIntervalSpy = vi.spyOn(global, 'clearInterval');
+
+      const resetTime = new Date(Date.now() + 5 * 60 * 1000);
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit', {
+        rateLimitResetTime: resetTime,
+      });
+
+      const { unmount } = render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      // Verify the countdown was rendered
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Resets in/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+      // Unmount and verify clearInterval was called
+      unmount();
+      expect(clearIntervalSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      clearIntervalSpy.mockRestore();
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('required scopes display', () => {
+    it('should display required scopes for permission errors', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission', {
+        requiredScopes: ['repo', 'read:org', 'workflow'],
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByText('Required scopes:')).toBeInTheDocument();
+      // The scopes appear in a code element
+      expect(screen.getByText('repo, read:org, workflow')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT display scopes section when no scopes are provided', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission', {
+        requiredScopes: undefined,
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByText('Required scopes:')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT display scopes section when scopes array is empty', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('permission', {
+        requiredScopes: [],
+      });
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      expect(screen.queryByText('Required scopes:')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('className prop', () => {
+    it('should apply custom className in full card mode', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const { container } = render(
+        <GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} className="custom-class" />
+      );
+
+      expect(container.firstChild).toHaveClass('custom-class');
+    });
+
+    it('should apply custom className in compact mode', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const { container } = render(
+        <GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} compact className="custom-compact-class" />
+      );
+
+      expect(container.firstChild).toHaveClass('custom-compact-class');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('callback stability', () => {
+    it('should not call onRetry on initial render', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      const onRetry = vi.fn();
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={onRetry} />);
+
+      expect(onRetry).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not call onOpenSettings on initial render', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      const onOpenSettings = vi.fn();
+
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={onOpenSettings} />);
+
+      expect(onOpenSettings).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('accessibility', () => {
+    it('should have role="alert" for screen reader announcements', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} />);
+
+      // The error card should have role="alert" for accessibility
+      expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should have role="alert" in compact mode', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('network');
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} compact />);
+
+      expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    it('should have accessible button labels', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('rate_limit');
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function -- callback not needed for this test
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onRetry={() => { /* no-op */ }} />);
+
+      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i });
+      expect(button).toHaveTextContent('Retry');
+    });
+
+    it('should have accessible settings button label', () => {
+      const errorInfo = createMockErrorInfo('auth');
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function -- callback not needed for this test
+      render(<GitHubErrorDisplay error={errorInfo} onOpenSettings={() => { /* no-op */ }} />);
+
+      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /settings/i });
+      expect(button).toHaveTextContent('Settings');
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/index.ts b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/index.ts
index 0d4a559b..a5be0e9f 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/index.ts
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/components/index.ts
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ export { IssueListHeader } from './IssueListHeader';
 export { IssueList } from './IssueList';
 export { AutoFixButton } from './AutoFixButton';
 export { BatchReviewWizard } from './BatchReviewWizard';
+export { GitHubErrorDisplay } from './GitHubErrorDisplay';
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/types/index.ts b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/types/index.ts
index 8a86ae5d..89a56a0d 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/types/index.ts
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/types/index.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,47 @@ import type { AutoFixConfig, AutoFixQueueItem } from '../../../../preload/api/mo
 
 export type FilterState = 'open' | 'closed' | 'all';
 
+/**
+ * Classification types for GitHub API errors.
+ * Used to determine appropriate icon, message, and actions for error display.
+ */
+export type GitHubErrorType =
+  | 'rate_limit'
+  | 'auth'
+  | 'permission'
+  | 'network'
+  | 'not_found'
+  | 'unknown';
+
+/**
+ * Parsed GitHub error information with metadata.
+ * Returned by the github-error-parser utility.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: The `message` field contains hardcoded English strings intended
+ * ONLY as a fallback defaultValue for i18n translation. Direct consumers should
+ * use the `type` field to look up the appropriate translation key (e.g.,
+ * 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage') via react-i18next rather than displaying
+ * `message` directly. This ensures proper localization for all users.
+ */
+export interface GitHubErrorInfo {
+  /** The classified error type */
+  type: GitHubErrorType;
+  /**
+   * User-friendly error message in English.
+   * NOTE: Use only as defaultValue for i18n - do not display directly.
+   * Use type field to look up translation key (e.g., 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage').
+   */
+  message: string;
+  /** Original raw error string (for debugging/details) */
+  rawMessage?: string;
+  /** Rate limit reset time (only for rate_limit type) */
+  rateLimitResetTime?: Date;
+  /** Required OAuth scopes that are missing (only for permission type) */
+  requiredScopes?: string[];
+  /** HTTP status code if available */
+  statusCode?: number;
+}
+
 export interface GitHubIssuesProps {
   onOpenSettings?: () => void;
   /** Navigate to view a task in the kanban board */
@@ -76,6 +117,10 @@ export interface IssueListProps {
   onSelectIssue: (issueNumber: number) => void;
   onInvestigate: (issue: GitHubIssue) => void;
   onLoadMore?: () => void;
+  /** Callback for retry button in error display */
+  onRetry?: () => void;
+  /** Callback for settings button in error display */
+  onOpenSettings?: () => void;
 }
 
 export interface EmptyStateProps {
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/__tests__/github-error-parser.test.ts b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/__tests__/github-error-parser.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9c8480f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/__tests__/github-error-parser.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for GitHub API error parser utility.
+ * Tests error classification, metadata extraction, and helper functions.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  parseGitHubError,
+  isRateLimitError,
+  isAuthError,
+  isNetworkError,
+  isRecoverableError,
+  requiresSettingsAction,
+} from '../github-error-parser';
+import type { GitHubErrorType } from '../../types';
+
+describe('parseGitHubError', () => {
+  describe('null/undefined/empty handling', () => {
+    it('should return unknown for null input', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError(null);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.message).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return unknown for undefined input', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError(undefined);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.message).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return unknown for empty string', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.message).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return unknown for whitespace-only string', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('   ');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.message).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rate_limit errors', () => {
+    it('should detect "rate limit exceeded" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('GitHub API error: rate limit exceeded');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('rate limit');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "API rate limit exceeded" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('API rate limit exceeded for user');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "too many requests" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error: too many requests');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "403 rate limit" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 rate limit reached');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "abuse rate limit" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Abuse rate limit triggered');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "secondary rate limit" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Secondary rate limit exceeded');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract rate limit reset time from ISO date format', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('rate limit exceeded, resets at 2024-01-15T12:00:00Z');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.rateLimitResetTime).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      expect(result.rateLimitResetTime?.getUTCFullYear()).toBe(2024);
+    });
+
+    it('should extract rate limit reset time from Unix timestamp', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('X-RateLimit-Reset: 1705312800');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.rateLimitResetTime).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message with time remaining', () => {
+      // Create a date 5 minutes in the future
+      const futureDate = new Date(Date.now() + 5 * 60 * 1000);
+      const isoString = futureDate.toISOString();
+      const result = parseGitHubError(`rate limit exceeded, resets at ${isoString}`);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('rate limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate fallback message when reset time has passed', () => {
+      // Create a date in the past
+      const pastDate = new Date(Date.now() - 5 * 60 * 1000);
+      const isoString = pastDate.toISOString();
+      const result = parseGitHubError(`rate limit exceeded, resets at ${isoString}`);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('moment');
+    });
+
+    it('should include raw message truncated to MAX_RAW_ERROR_LENGTH', () => {
+      const longError = 'rate limit exceeded ' + 'x'.repeat(600);
+      const result = parseGitHubError(longError);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(result.rawMessage).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.rawMessage?.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(503); // 500 + '...'
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('auth errors', () => {
+    it('should detect "401" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 401 Unauthorized');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "unauthorized" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error: unauthorized access');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "bad credentials" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Bad credentials');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "authentication failed" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Authentication failed');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "invalid token" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Invalid token provided');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "token expired" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Token expired');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "not authenticated" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Not authenticated');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message mentioning Settings', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('401 Unauthorized');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('authentication');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('Settings');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('not_found errors', () => {
+    it('should detect "404" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 404 Not Found');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "not found" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Repository not found');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "no such repository" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('No such repository exists');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "does not exist" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Resource does not exist');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "user not found" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('User not found');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message about verifying repository', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('404 Not Found');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('not found');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('verify');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('network errors', () => {
+    it('should detect "network error" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Network error');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "failed to fetch" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Failed to fetch data');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "ECONNREFUSED" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error: ECONNREFUSED');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "ECONNRESET" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error: ECONNRESET');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "ETIMEDOUT" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error: ETIMEDOUT');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "connection refused" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Connection refused');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "connection timeout" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Connection timeout');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "DNS error" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('DNS error occurred');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "offline" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('You are offline');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "no internet" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('No internet connection');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('network');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message about internet connection', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Network error');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('internet');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('permission errors', () => {
+    it('should detect "403" pattern (without rate limit context)', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 403 Forbidden');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "forbidden" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Access forbidden');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "permission denied" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Permission denied');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "insufficient scope" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Insufficient scope');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "access denied" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Access denied');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "repository access denied" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Repository access denied');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "requires admin access" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Requires admin access');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect "missing required scope" pattern', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Missing required scope');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract required scopes from error message with 403', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 Forbidden - missing scopes: repo, read:org');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toContain('repo');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toContain('read:org');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract scopes from "requires:" format with 403', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 - Requires: repo, workflow');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toContain('repo');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toContain('workflow');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract scopes from X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes header with 403', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 Forbidden X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes: repo');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toContain('repo');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message with scopes', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 Forbidden - missing scopes: repo, workflow');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('repo');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('workflow');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('Settings');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate user-friendly message without scopes', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 Forbidden');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('permission');
+      expect(result.message).toContain('Settings');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('unknown errors', () => {
+    it('should return unknown for unrecognized error patterns', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Something unexpected happened');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.message).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should include raw message for unknown errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Custom error message');
+      expect(result.rawMessage).toBe('Custom error message');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract status code even for unknown errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 500 Internal Server Error');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(500);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('error classification priority', () => {
+    it('should prioritize rate_limit over permission (both 403)', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 rate limit exceeded');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should classify as permission when 403 without rate limit context', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 forbidden');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('permission');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors with multiple patterns correctly', () => {
+      // Rate limit should take priority
+      const result = parseGitHubError('403 API rate limit exceeded');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should prioritize auth over not_found when both patterns present', () => {
+      // "401" should be classified as auth, not not_found
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 401 Unauthorized - user not found');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should prioritize auth over network when 401 appears with network context', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Network error: HTTP 401');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should classify as not_found when 404 without auth patterns', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 404 Not Found');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('not_found');
+    });
+
+    it('should not match bare 401 in unrelated numbers', () => {
+      // The word boundary should prevent matching "1401" as a 401 error
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error code 14010 occurred');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+    });
+
+    it('should not match bare 404 embedded in other numbers', () => {
+      // The word boundary should prevent matching "404" embedded in "14040"
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error code 14040 occurred');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('unknown');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('edge cases', () => {
+    it('should handle multiline error messages', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError(`Error occurred:
+        HTTP 401 Unauthorized
+        Please check your credentials`);
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle case-insensitive matching', () => {
+      const testCases = [
+        { input: 'RATE LIMIT EXCEEDED', expected: 'rate_limit' as GitHubErrorType },
+        { input: 'UNAUTHORIZED', expected: 'auth' as GitHubErrorType },
+        { input: 'NOT FOUND', expected: 'not_found' as GitHubErrorType },
+        { input: 'NETWORK ERROR', expected: 'network' as GitHubErrorType },
+        { input: 'FORBIDDEN', expected: 'permission' as GitHubErrorType },
+      ];
+
+      for (const { input, expected } of testCases) {
+        const result = parseGitHubError(input);
+        expect(result.type).toBe(expected);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors with JSON content', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('{"message":"Bad credentials","status":401}');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors with leading/trailing whitespace', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('  401 Unauthorized  ');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('auth');
+    });
+
+    it('should sanitize very long error messages', () => {
+      const longError = 'A'.repeat(1000);
+      const result = parseGitHubError(longError);
+      expect(result.rawMessage?.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(503);
+      expect(result.rawMessage).toContain('...');
+    });
+
+    it('should not include rateLimitResetTime for non-rate-limit errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('401 Unauthorized');
+      expect(result.rateLimitResetTime).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should not include requiredScopes for non-permission errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('401 Unauthorized');
+      expect(result.requiredScopes).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isRateLimitError', () => {
+  it('should return true for rate limit errors', () => {
+    expect(isRateLimitError('rate limit exceeded')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRateLimitError('API rate limit exceeded')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRateLimitError('too many requests')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-rate-limit errors', () => {
+    expect(isRateLimitError('401 Unauthorized')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRateLimitError('404 Not Found')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRateLimitError('Network error')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null/undefined/empty', () => {
+    expect(isRateLimitError(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRateLimitError(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRateLimitError('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should use parsedInfo when provided', () => {
+    const parsedInfo = { type: 'rate_limit' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isRateLimitError('unrelated error', parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRateLimitError(null, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRateLimitError(undefined, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore parsedInfo when error type differs', () => {
+    const authParsedInfo = { type: 'auth' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isRateLimitError('rate limit exceeded', authParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isAuthError', () => {
+  it('should return true for auth errors', () => {
+    expect(isAuthError('401 Unauthorized')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isAuthError('Bad credentials')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isAuthError('Invalid token')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isAuthError('Not authenticated')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-auth errors', () => {
+    expect(isAuthError('rate limit exceeded')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAuthError('404 Not Found')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAuthError('Network error')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null/undefined/empty', () => {
+    expect(isAuthError(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAuthError(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAuthError('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should use parsedInfo when provided', () => {
+    const parsedInfo = { type: 'auth' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isAuthError('unrelated error', parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isAuthError(null, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isAuthError(undefined, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore parsedInfo when error type differs', () => {
+    const rateLimitParsedInfo = { type: 'rate_limit' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isAuthError('401 Unauthorized', rateLimitParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNetworkError', () => {
+  it('should return true for network errors', () => {
+    expect(isNetworkError('Network error')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNetworkError('Failed to fetch')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNetworkError('ECONNREFUSED')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNetworkError('Connection timeout')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-network errors', () => {
+    expect(isNetworkError('401 Unauthorized')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNetworkError('rate limit exceeded')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNetworkError('404 Not Found')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null/undefined/empty', () => {
+    expect(isNetworkError(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNetworkError(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNetworkError('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should use parsedInfo when provided', () => {
+    const parsedInfo = { type: 'network' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isNetworkError('unrelated error', parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNetworkError(null, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNetworkError(undefined, parsedInfo)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore parsedInfo when error type differs', () => {
+    const authParsedInfo = { type: 'auth' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isNetworkError('Network error', authParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isRecoverableError', () => {
+  it('should return true for recoverable errors (rate_limit, network, unknown)', () => {
+    expect(isRecoverableError('rate limit exceeded')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('Network error')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('Unknown error occurred')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-recoverable errors (auth, permission, not_found)', () => {
+    expect(isRecoverableError('401 Unauthorized')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('403 Forbidden')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('404 Not Found')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null/undefined/empty', () => {
+    expect(isRecoverableError(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should use parsedInfo when provided', () => {
+    const rateLimitInfo = { type: 'rate_limit' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const networkInfo = { type: 'network' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const unknownInfo = { type: 'unknown' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isRecoverableError('unrelated error', rateLimitInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRecoverableError(null, networkInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRecoverableError(undefined, unknownInfo)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore parsedInfo when error type is non-recoverable', () => {
+    const authParsedInfo = { type: 'auth' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const permissionParsedInfo = { type: 'permission' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const notFoundParsedInfo = { type: 'not_found' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(isRecoverableError('Network error', authParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('rate limit exceeded', permissionParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRecoverableError('unknown', notFoundParsedInfo)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('requiresSettingsAction', () => {
+  it('should return true for errors requiring settings action (auth, permission)', () => {
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('401 Unauthorized')).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('403 Forbidden')).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('Invalid token')).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('403 Forbidden - missing scopes: repo')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for errors not requiring settings (rate_limit, network, not_found, unknown)', () => {
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('rate limit exceeded')).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('Network error')).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('404 Not Found')).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('Unknown error')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null/undefined/empty', () => {
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should use parsedInfo when provided', () => {
+    const authInfo = { type: 'auth' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const permissionInfo = { type: 'permission' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('unrelated error', authInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction(null, permissionInfo)).toBe(true);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction(undefined, authInfo)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore parsedInfo when error type does not require settings', () => {
+    const rateLimitInfo = { type: 'rate_limit' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const networkInfo = { type: 'network' as const, message: 'test' };
+    const notFoundInfo = { type: 'not_found' as const, message: 'test' };
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('401 Unauthorized', rateLimitInfo)).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('403 Forbidden', networkInfo)).toBe(false);
+    expect(requiresSettingsAction('invalid token', notFoundInfo)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('cross-cutting concerns', () => {
+  describe('consistency between parseGitHubError and helper functions', () => {
+    it('should have consistent rate_limit detection', () => {
+      const error = 'rate limit exceeded';
+      const parsed = parseGitHubError(error);
+      expect(parsed.type).toBe('rate_limit');
+      expect(isRateLimitError(error)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should have consistent auth detection', () => {
+      const error = '401 Unauthorized';
+      const parsed = parseGitHubError(error);
+      expect(parsed.type).toBe('auth');
+      expect(isAuthError(error)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should have consistent network detection', () => {
+      const error = 'Network error';
+      const parsed = parseGitHubError(error);
+      expect(parsed.type).toBe('network');
+      expect(isNetworkError(error)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should have consistent recoverable classification', () => {
+      const errors = ['rate limit exceeded', 'Network error', 'Unknown error'];
+      for (const error of errors) {
+        const parsed = parseGitHubError(error);
+        expect(isRecoverableError(error)).toBe(['rate_limit', 'network', 'unknown'].includes(parsed.type));
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should have consistent settings action classification', () => {
+      const errors = ['401 Unauthorized', '403 Forbidden'];
+      for (const error of errors) {
+        const parsed = parseGitHubError(error);
+        expect(requiresSettingsAction(error)).toBe(['auth', 'permission'].includes(parsed.type));
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('statusCode extraction', () => {
+    it('should extract 403 for rate_limit errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('rate limit exceeded');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    });
+
+    it('should extract 401 for auth errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Bad credentials');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should extract 404 for not_found errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Not found');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    });
+
+    it('should extract 403 for permission errors', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Forbidden');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    });
+
+    it('should extract status code from message when present', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('HTTP 429 Too Many Requests');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBe(429);
+    });
+
+    it('should not extract invalid status codes', () => {
+      const result = parseGitHubError('Error 999');
+      expect(result.statusCode).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/github-error-parser.ts b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/github-error-parser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0521773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/github-error-parser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+/**
+ * GitHub API error parser utility.
+ * Parses raw error strings to classify GitHub API errors and extract metadata.
+ */
+
+import type { GitHubErrorType, GitHubErrorInfo } from '../types';
+
+/**
+ * Maximum length for raw error messages stored in GitHubErrorInfo.
+ * Truncates to prevent memory bloat and UI issues.
+ */
+const MAX_RAW_ERROR_LENGTH = 500;
+
+/**
+ * Patterns for rate limit errors (HTTP 403 with rate limit context).
+ * Note: Pattern 1 covers all "rate limit" variations (api rate limit exceeded,
+ * abuse rate limit, secondary rate limit, etc.) via substring matching.
+ */
+const RATE_LIMIT_PATTERNS = [
+  /rate\s*limit/i, // Covers all variations containing "rate limit"
+  /too\s*many\s*requests/i,
+  /403.*rate/i,
+];
+
+/**
+ * Patterns for authentication errors (HTTP 401)
+ * Note: Bare status codes are intentionally omitted here - STATUS_CODE_PATTERN
+ * handles HTTP-context-aware matching to avoid false positives.
+ */
+const AUTH_PATTERNS = [
+  /unauthorized/i,
+  /bad\s*credentials/i,
+  /authentication\s*failed/i,
+  /invalid\s*(oauth\s*)?token/i,
+  /token\s*(is\s*)?(invalid|expired|required)/i,
+  /not\s*authenticated/i,
+  /requires\s*authentication/i, // GitHub 401 response body
+];
+
+/**
+ * Patterns for permission/scope errors (HTTP 403 with scope context)
+ * Note: Bare status codes are intentionally omitted here - STATUS_CODE_PATTERN
+ * handles HTTP-context-aware matching to avoid false positives.
+ */
+const PERMISSION_PATTERNS = [
+  /forbidden/i,
+  /permission\s*denied/i,
+  /insufficient\s*(scope|permission)/i,
+  /access\s*denied/i,
+  /repository\s*access\s*denied/i,
+  /not\s*authorized\s*to\s*access/i,
+  /requires\s*(admin|write|read)\s*access/i,
+  /missing\s*required\s*scope/i,
+  // Matches "requires: repo" or "requires workflow" for OAuth scope context
+  // Uses specific scope names to avoid matching "requires authentication" (auth error)
+  /requires[:\s]+(?:repo|admin|write|read|workflow|org|gist|notification|user|project|package|delete|discussion)/i,
+];
+
+/**
+ * Patterns for not found errors (HTTP 404)
+ * Note: Bare status codes are intentionally omitted here - STATUS_CODE_PATTERN
+ * handles HTTP-context-aware matching to avoid false positives (e.g., "Issue #404").
+ */
+const NOT_FOUND_PATTERNS = [
+  /not\s*found/i,
+  /no\s*such\s*(repository|repo|issue|resource)/i,
+  /does\s*not\s*exist/i,
+  /repository\s*not\s*found/i,
+  /user\s*not\s*found/i,
+];
+
+/**
+ * Patterns for network/connectivity errors
+ */
+const NETWORK_PATTERNS = [
+  /network\s*(error|failed|unreachable)/i,
+  /failed\s*to\s*fetch/i,
+  /enetunreach/i,
+  /econnrefused/i,
+  /econnreset/i,
+  /etimedout/i,
+  /dns\s*(error|failed)/i,
+  /offline/i,
+  /no\s*internet/i,
+  /unable\s*to\s*connect/i,
+  /connection\s*(refused|reset|timeout|failed)/i,
+];
+
+/**
+ * Pattern to extract required OAuth scopes from error messages
+ * Matches formats like:
+ * - "requires: repo, read:org"
+ * - "missing scopes: repo, workflow"
+ * - "X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes: repo"
+ * Stops at sentence boundaries or non-scope characters
+ */
+const REQUIRED_SCOPES_PATTERN = /(?:requires?[:\s]*|missing\s*scopes?[:\s]*|X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes[:\s]*)([a-z0-9_:]+(?:[,\s]+[a-z0-9_:]+)*)/i;
+
+/**
+ * Pattern to extract HTTP status code from error messages.
+ * Matches status codes preceded by HTTP context keywords or at string start
+ * (for common error formats like "403 Forbidden").
+ */
+const STATUS_CODE_PATTERN = /(?:^|HTTP\s*|status[:\s]*|error[:\s]*|code[:\s]*)\b([1-5]\d{2})\b/i;
+
+/**
+ * Sanitize error output to a reasonable length.
+ * Prevents memory bloat and UI issues from very long error messages.
+ */
+function sanitizeRawError(error: string): string {
+  if (error.length > MAX_RAW_ERROR_LENGTH) {
+    return error.substring(0, MAX_RAW_ERROR_LENGTH) + '...';
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Maximum reasonable reset duration in seconds (24 hours).
+ * Prevents malformed error strings from creating far-future dates.
+ */
+const MAX_RESET_SECONDS = 86400;
+
+/**
+ * Extract rate limit reset time from error message.
+ * Parses various formats and returns a Date object if found.
+ * Handles both absolute timestamps and relative durations ("in X seconds").
+ */
+function extractRateLimitResetTime(error: string): Date | undefined {
+  // First, try to match relative duration pattern (e.g., "reset in 3600 seconds")
+  const relativePattern = /reset[s]?\s*in[:\s]*(\d+)\s*seconds?/i;
+  const relativeMatch = error.match(relativePattern);
+  if (relativeMatch) {
+    const seconds = parseInt(relativeMatch[1], 10);
+    // Validate: positive, non-NaN, and within reasonable bounds (24 hours max)
+    if (!Number.isNaN(seconds) && seconds > 0 && seconds <= MAX_RESET_SECONDS) {
+      return new Date(Date.now() + seconds * 1000);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then try absolute timestamp pattern
+  const absolutePattern = /(?:reset[s]?\s*at[:\s]*|X-RateLimit-Reset[:\s]*)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}Z?|\d+)/i;
+  const match = error.match(absolutePattern);
+  if (!match) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const resetValue = match[1].trim();
+
+  // Check if it's an ISO date string
+  if (resetValue.includes('-') && resetValue.includes('T')) {
+    const date = new Date(resetValue);
+    if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return undefined;
+    // Validate: within reasonable bounds (24 hours max from now)
+    if (date.getTime() - Date.now() > MAX_RESET_SECONDS * 1000) return undefined;
+    return date;
+  }
+
+  // Check if it's a Unix timestamp (seconds or milliseconds)
+  const numericValue = parseInt(resetValue, 10);
+  if (!Number.isNaN(numericValue)) {
+    // GitHub API uses seconds, JavaScript uses milliseconds
+    // Values > 1e12 are likely milliseconds already
+    const timestamp = numericValue > 1e12 ? numericValue : numericValue * 1000;
+    const date = new Date(timestamp);
+    if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return undefined;
+    // Validate: within reasonable bounds (24 hours max from now)
+    if (date.getTime() - Date.now() > MAX_RESET_SECONDS * 1000) return undefined;
+    return date;
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract required OAuth scopes from error message.
+ * Returns an array of scope strings if found.
+ */
+function extractRequiredScopes(error: string): string[] | undefined {
+  const match = error.match(REQUIRED_SCOPES_PATTERN);
+  if (!match) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const scopes = match[1]
+    .split(/[,\s]+/)
+    .map(s => s.trim())
+    .filter(s => s.length > 0);
+
+  return scopes.length > 0 ? scopes : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract HTTP status code from error message.
+ */
+function extractStatusCode(error: string): number | undefined {
+  const match = error.match(STATUS_CODE_PATTERN);
+  if (!match) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const code = parseInt(match[1], 10);
+  // Only return valid HTTP status codes
+  if (code >= 100 && code < 600) {
+    return code;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the error matches any of the given patterns.
+ */
+function matchesPatterns(error: string, patterns: RegExp[]): boolean {
+  return patterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(error));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for rate limit errors.
+ */
+function getRateLimitMessage(_error: string, resetTime?: Date): string {
+  if (resetTime) {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const diffMs = resetTime.getTime() - now.getTime();
+
+    if (diffMs > 0) {
+      const diffMins = Math.ceil(diffMs / 60000);
+      if (diffMins < 60) {
+        return `GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait ${diffMins} minute${diffMins !== 1 ? 's' : ''} before trying again.`;
+      }
+      const diffHours = Math.ceil(diffMins / 60);
+      return `GitHub API rate limit reached. Rate limit resets in approximately ${diffHours} hour${diffHours !== 1 ? 's' : ''}.`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 'GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait a moment before trying again.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for authentication errors.
+ */
+function getAuthMessage(): string {
+  return 'GitHub authentication failed. Please check your GitHub token in Settings and try again.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for permission errors.
+ */
+function getPermissionMessage(scopes?: string[]): string {
+  if (scopes && scopes.length > 0) {
+    return `GitHub permission denied. Your token is missing required scopes: ${scopes.join(', ')}. Please update your GitHub token in Settings.`;
+  }
+  return 'GitHub permission denied. Your token may not have the required access. Please check your token permissions in Settings.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for not found errors.
+ */
+function getNotFoundMessage(): string {
+  return 'The requested GitHub resource was not found. Please verify the repository exists and you have access to it.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for network errors.
+ */
+function getNetworkMessage(): string {
+  return 'Unable to connect to GitHub. Please check your internet connection and try again.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a user-friendly message for unknown errors.
+ */
+function getUnknownMessage(): string {
+  return 'An unexpected error occurred while communicating with GitHub. Please try again.';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Classify error type based on pattern matching and optional status code.
+ * Priority: rate_limit > auth > permission > not_found > network > unknown
+ * Note: Permission checks run before not_found to properly classify 403 responses.
+ * Status code fallback takes priority over network patterns since HTTP status
+ * codes are more specific than generic network error text.
+ * @param error - The error string to classify
+ * @param statusCode - Optional HTTP status code extracted with context (helps classify when text patterns don't match)
+ */
+function classifyError(error: string, statusCode?: number): GitHubErrorType {
+  // Check rate limit first (403 can also be permission, but rate limit is more specific)
+  if (matchesPatterns(error, RATE_LIMIT_PATTERNS)) {
+    return 'rate_limit';
+  }
+
+  // Check auth (401 is always auth)
+  if (matchesPatterns(error, AUTH_PATTERNS)) {
+    return 'auth';
+  }
+
+  // Check permission (403 without rate limit context) before not_found
+  // to properly classify 403 responses that might contain "not found" text
+  if (matchesPatterns(error, PERMISSION_PATTERNS)) {
+    return 'permission';
+  }
+
+  // Check not found (404 is always not_found)
+  if (matchesPatterns(error, NOT_FOUND_PATTERNS)) {
+    return 'not_found';
+  }
+
+  // Use status code fallback BEFORE network patterns
+  // HTTP status codes are more specific than generic network error text
+  if (statusCode === 401) return 'auth';
+  if (statusCode === 403) return 'permission';
+  if (statusCode === 404) return 'not_found';
+
+  // Check network errors (only if no status code fallback matched)
+  if (matchesPatterns(error, NETWORK_PATTERNS)) {
+    return 'network';
+  }
+
+  return 'unknown';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a GitHub API error string and return classified error information.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: The returned `message` field contains hardcoded English strings
+ * intended ONLY as a fallback defaultValue for i18n translation. Consumers
+ * should use the `type` field to look up the appropriate translation key
+ * (e.g., 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage') via react-i18next rather than
+ * displaying `message` directly. This ensures proper localization.
+ *
+ * Translation key mapping by type:
+ * - rate_limit → 'githubErrors.rateLimitMessage' (or rateLimitMessageMinutes/Hours)
+ * - auth → 'githubErrors.authMessage'
+ * - permission → 'githubErrors.permissionMessage' (or permissionMessageScopes)
+ * - not_found → 'githubErrors.notFoundMessage'
+ * - network → 'githubErrors.networkMessage'
+ * - unknown → 'githubErrors.unknownMessage'
+ *
+ * @param error - The raw error string (typically from issues-store error state)
+ * @returns GitHubErrorInfo object with classified type, user-friendly message, and metadata
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * const errorInfo = parseGitHubError('GitHub API error: 403 - API rate limit exceeded');
+ * // Use type to get i18n key, message only as fallback:
+ * // t(`githubErrors.${errorInfo.type}Message`, { defaultValue: errorInfo.message })
+ * ```
+ */
+export function parseGitHubError(error: string | null | undefined): GitHubErrorInfo {
+  // Handle null/undefined/empty errors
+  if (!error || typeof error !== 'string' || error.trim() === '') {
+    return {
+      type: 'unknown',
+      message: getUnknownMessage(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const trimmedError = error.trim();
+  // Extract status code first so we can use it for classification fallback
+  const statusCode = extractStatusCode(trimmedError);
+  const errorType = classifyError(trimmedError, statusCode);
+
+  switch (errorType) {
+    case 'rate_limit': {
+      const resetTime = extractRateLimitResetTime(trimmedError);
+      return {
+        type: 'rate_limit',
+        message: getRateLimitMessage(trimmedError, resetTime),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+        rateLimitResetTime: resetTime,
+        statusCode: statusCode ?? 403,
+      };
+    }
+
+    case 'auth':
+      return {
+        type: 'auth',
+        message: getAuthMessage(),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+        statusCode: statusCode ?? 401,
+      };
+
+    case 'permission': {
+      const scopes = extractRequiredScopes(trimmedError);
+      return {
+        type: 'permission',
+        message: getPermissionMessage(scopes),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+        requiredScopes: scopes,
+        statusCode: statusCode ?? 403,
+      };
+    }
+
+    case 'not_found':
+      return {
+        type: 'not_found',
+        message: getNotFoundMessage(),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+        statusCode: statusCode ?? 404,
+      };
+
+    case 'network':
+      return {
+        type: 'network',
+        message: getNetworkMessage(),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+      };
+
+    default:
+      return {
+        type: 'unknown',
+        message: getUnknownMessage(),
+        rawMessage: sanitizeRawError(trimmedError),
+        statusCode,
+      };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an error is a rate limit error.
+ * Convenience function for quick checks without full parsing.
+ * @param error - Raw error string or null/undefined
+ * @param parsedInfo - Optional pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo to avoid re-classification
+ */
+export function isRateLimitError(
+  error: string | null | undefined,
+  parsedInfo?: GitHubErrorInfo | null
+): boolean {
+  if (parsedInfo) return parsedInfo.type === 'rate_limit';
+  if (!error) return false;
+  const trimmed = error.trim();
+  return classifyError(trimmed, extractStatusCode(trimmed)) === 'rate_limit';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an error is an authentication error.
+ * Convenience function for quick checks without full parsing.
+ * @param error - Raw error string or null/undefined
+ * @param parsedInfo - Optional pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo to avoid re-classification
+ */
+export function isAuthError(
+  error: string | null | undefined,
+  parsedInfo?: GitHubErrorInfo | null
+): boolean {
+  if (parsedInfo) return parsedInfo.type === 'auth';
+  if (!error) return false;
+  const trimmed = error.trim();
+  return classifyError(trimmed, extractStatusCode(trimmed)) === 'auth';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an error is a network error.
+ * Convenience function for quick checks without full parsing.
+ * @param error - Raw error string or null/undefined
+ * @param parsedInfo - Optional pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo to avoid re-classification
+ */
+export function isNetworkError(
+  error: string | null | undefined,
+  parsedInfo?: GitHubErrorInfo | null
+): boolean {
+  if (parsedInfo) return parsedInfo.type === 'network';
+  if (!error) return false;
+  const trimmed = error.trim();
+  return classifyError(trimmed, extractStatusCode(trimmed)) === 'network';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an error is recoverable (user can retry).
+ * Rate limit, network, and unknown errors are considered recoverable.
+ * @param error - Raw error string or null/undefined
+ * @param parsedInfo - Optional pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo to avoid re-classification
+ */
+export function isRecoverableError(
+  error: string | null | undefined,
+  parsedInfo?: GitHubErrorInfo | null
+): boolean {
+  if (parsedInfo) return ['rate_limit', 'network', 'unknown'].includes(parsedInfo.type);
+  if (!error) return false;
+  const trimmed = error.trim();
+  const errorType = classifyError(trimmed, extractStatusCode(trimmed));
+  return ['rate_limit', 'network', 'unknown'].includes(errorType);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an error requires user action in settings.
+ * Auth and permission errors require settings changes.
+ * @param error - Raw error string or null/undefined
+ * @param parsedInfo - Optional pre-parsed GitHubErrorInfo to avoid re-classification
+ */
+export function requiresSettingsAction(
+  error: string | null | undefined,
+  parsedInfo?: GitHubErrorInfo | null
+): boolean {
+  if (parsedInfo) return ['auth', 'permission'].includes(parsedInfo.type);
+  if (!error) return false;
+  const trimmed = error.trim();
+  const errorType = classifyError(trimmed, extractStatusCode(trimmed));
+  return ['auth', 'permission'].includes(errorType);
+}
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/index.ts b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/index.ts
index 567fa2c3..a2a0e983 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/index.ts
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/renderer/components/github-issues/utils/index.ts
@@ -19,3 +19,13 @@ export function filterIssuesBySearch(issues: GitHubIssue[], searchQuery: string)
     issue.body?.toLowerCase().includes(query)
   );
 }
+
+// Re-export GitHub error parser utilities
+export {
+  parseGitHubError,
+  isRateLimitError,
+  isAuthError,
+  isNetworkError,
+  isRecoverableError,
+  requiresSettingsAction,
+} from './github-error-parser';
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/en/common.json b/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/en/common.json
index 8072d04f..d851d091 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/en/common.json
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/en/common.json
@@ -659,6 +659,28 @@
       "remote": "Remote"
     }
   },
+  "githubErrors": {
+    "rateLimitTitle": "GitHub Rate Limit Reached",
+    "authTitle": "GitHub Authentication Required",
+    "permissionTitle": "GitHub Permission Denied",
+    "notFoundTitle": "GitHub Resource Not Found",
+    "networkTitle": "GitHub Connection Error",
+    "unknownTitle": "GitHub Error",
+    "rateLimitMessage": "GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait a moment before trying again.",
+    "rateLimitMessageMinutes": "GitHub API rate limit reached. Please wait {{minutes}} minute(s) before trying again.",
+    "rateLimitMessageHours": "GitHub API rate limit reached. Rate limit resets in approximately {{hours}} hour(s).",
+    "authMessage": "GitHub authentication failed. Please check your GitHub token in Settings and try again.",
+    "permissionMessage": "GitHub permission denied. Your token may not have the required access. Please check your token permissions in Settings.",
+    "permissionMessageScopes": "GitHub permission denied. Your token is missing required scopes: {{scopes}}. Please update your GitHub token in Settings.",
+    "notFoundMessage": "The requested GitHub resource was not found. Please verify the repository exists and you have access to it.",
+    "networkMessage": "Unable to connect to GitHub. Please check your internet connection and try again.",
+    "unknownMessage": "An unexpected error occurred while communicating with GitHub. Please try again.",
+    "resetsIn": "Resets in {{time}}",
+    "countdownHoursMinutes": "{{hours}}h {{minutes}}m",
+    "countdownMinutesSeconds": "{{minutes}}m {{seconds}}s",
+    "rateLimitExpired": "Rate limit has reset. You can retry now.",
+    "requiredScopes": "Required scopes"
+  },
   "roadmapProgress": {
     "elapsedTime": "Elapsed",
     "lastActivity": "Last activity",
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/fr/common.json b/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
index 3f38ae10..2f861fb9 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/shared/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
@@ -659,6 +659,28 @@
       "remote": "Distante"
     }
   },
+  "githubErrors": {
+    "rateLimitTitle": "Limite de débit GitHub atteinte",
+    "authTitle": "Authentification GitHub requise",
+    "permissionTitle": "Permission GitHub refusée",
+    "notFoundTitle": "Ressource GitHub introuvable",
+    "networkTitle": "Erreur de connexion GitHub",
+    "unknownTitle": "Erreur GitHub",
+    "rateLimitMessage": "Limite de débit de l'API GitHub atteinte. Veuillez patienter un moment avant de réessayer.",
+    "rateLimitMessageMinutes": "Limite de débit de l'API GitHub atteinte. Veuillez attendre {{minutes}} minute(s) avant de réessayer.",
+    "rateLimitMessageHours": "Limite de débit de l'API GitHub atteinte. La limite se réinitialise dans environ {{hours}} heure(s).",
+    "authMessage": "Échec de l'authentification GitHub. Veuillez vérifier votre jeton GitHub dans les Paramètres et réessayer.",
+    "permissionMessage": "Permission GitHub refusée. Votre jeton n'a peut-être pas les accès requis. Veuillez vérifier les permissions de votre jeton dans les Paramètres.",
+    "permissionMessageScopes": "Permission GitHub refusée. Votre jeton manque de permissions requises : {{scopes}}. Veuillez mettre à jour votre jeton GitHub dans les Paramètres.",
+    "notFoundMessage": "La ressource GitHub demandée est introuvable. Veuillez vérifier que le dépôt existe et que vous y avez accès.",
+    "networkMessage": "Impossible de se connecter à GitHub. Veuillez vérifier votre connexion Internet et réessayer.",
+    "unknownMessage": "Une erreur inattendue s'est produite lors de la communication avec GitHub. Veuillez réessayer.",
+    "resetsIn": "Réinitialisation dans {{time}}",
+    "countdownHoursMinutes": "{{hours}}h {{minutes}}m",
+    "countdownMinutesSeconds": "{{minutes}}m {{seconds}}s",
+    "rateLimitExpired": "La limite de débit a été réinitialisée. Vous pouvez réessayer maintenant.",
+    "requiredScopes": "Permissions requises"
+  },
   "roadmapProgress": {
     "elapsedTime": "Écoulé",
     "lastActivity": "Dernière activité",