$';

/**
 * Allowed protocols - array of protocols that are safe to use in links and so on
 * @global string $ALLOWED_PROTOCOLS
 */
$ALLOWED_PROTOCOLS = array('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'news', 'mailto', 'rtsp', 'teamspeak', 'gopher', 'mms',
                           'color', 'callto', 'cursor', 'text-align', 'font-size', 'font-weight', 'font-style', 'font-family',
                           'border', 'margin', 'padding', 'background', 'text-decoration');   // CSS as well to get through kses


/// Functions

/**
 * Add quotes to HTML characters
 *
 * Returns $var with HTML characters (like "<", ">", etc.) properly quoted.
 * This function is very similar to {@link p()}
 *
 * @param string $var the string potentially containing HTML characters
 * @param boolean $strip to decide if we want to strip slashes or no. Default to false.
 *                true should be used to print data from forms and false for data from DB.
 * @return string
 */
function s($var, $strip=false) {

    if ($var == '0') {  // for integer 0, boolean false, string '0'
        return '0';
    }

    if ($strip) {
        return preg_replace("/&(#\d+);/i", "&$1;", htmlspecialchars(stripslashes_safe($var)));
    } else {
        return preg_replace("/&(#\d+);/i", "&$1;", htmlspecialchars($var));
    }
}

/**
 * Add quotes to HTML characters
 *
 * Prints $var with HTML characters (like "<", ">", etc.) properly quoted.
 * This function is very similar to {@link s()}
 *
 * @param string $var the string potentially containing HTML characters
 * @param boolean $strip to decide if we want to strip slashes or no. Default to false.
 *                true should be used to print data from forms and false for data from DB.
 * @return string
 */
function p($var, $strip=false) {
    echo s($var, $strip);
}

/**
 * Does proper javascript quoting.
 * Do not use addslashes anymore, because it does not work when magic_quotes_sybase is enabled.
 *
 * @since 1.8 - 22/02/2007
 * @param mixed value
 * @return mixed quoted result
 */
function addslashes_js($var) {
    if (is_string($var)) {
        $var = str_replace('\\', '\\\\', $var);
        $var = str_replace(array('\'', '"', "\n", "\r", "\0"), array('\\\'', '\\"', '\\n', '\\r', '\\0'), $var);
        $var = str_replace('$value) {
          $a[$key] = addslashes_js($value);
        }
        $var = (object)$a;
    }
    return $var;
}

/**
 * Remove query string from url
 *
 * Takes in a URL and returns it without the querystring portion
 *
 * @param string $url the url which may have a query string attached
 * @return string
 */
 function strip_querystring($url) {

    if ($commapos = strpos($url, '?')) {
        return substr($url, 0, $commapos);
    } else {
        return $url;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the URL of the HTTP_REFERER, less the querystring portion if required
 * @return string
 */
function get_referer($stripquery=true) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) {
        if ($stripquery) {
            return strip_querystring($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']);
        } else {
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
        }
    } else {
        return '';
    }
}


/**
 * Returns the name of the current script, WITH the querystring portion.
 * this function is necessary because PHP_SELF and REQUEST_URI and SCRIPT_NAME
 * return different things depending on a lot of things like your OS, Web
 * server, and the way PHP is compiled (ie. as a CGI, module, ISAPI, etc.)
 * NOTE: This function returns false if the global variables needed are not set.
 *
 * @return string
 */
 function me() {

    if (!empty($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
        return $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])) {
        if (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
            return $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] .'?'. $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
        }
        return $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];

    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'])) {
        if (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
            return $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] .'?'. $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
        }
        return $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];

    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['URL'])) {     // May help IIS (not well tested)
        if (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
            return $_SERVER['URL'] .'?'. $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
        }
        return $_SERVER['URL'];

    } else {
        notify('Warning: Could not find any of these web server variables: $REQUEST_URI, $PHP_SELF, $SCRIPT_NAME or $URL');
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * Like {@link me()} but returns a full URL
 * @see me()
 * @return string
 */
function qualified_me() {

    global $CFG;

    if (!empty($CFG->wwwroot)) {
        $url = parse_url($CFG->wwwroot);
    }

    if (!empty($url['host'])) {
        $hostname = $url['host'];
    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])) {
        $hostname = $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
    } else if (!empty($_ENV['SERVER_NAME'])) {
        $hostname = $_ENV['SERVER_NAME'];
    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) {
        $hostname = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
    } else if (!empty($_ENV['HTTP_HOST'])) {
        $hostname = $_ENV['HTTP_HOST'];
    } else {
        notify('Warning: could not find the name of this server!');
        return false;
    }

    if (!empty($url['port'])) {
        $hostname .= ':'.$url['port'];
    } else if (!empty($_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'])) {
        if ($_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] != 80 && $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] != 443) {
            $hostname .= ':'.$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'];
        }
    }

    // TODO, this does not work in the situation described in MDL-11061, but
    // I don't know how to fix it. Possibly believe $CFG->wwwroot ahead of what
    // the server reports.
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS'])) {
        $protocol = ($_SERVER['HTTPS'] == 'on') ? 'https://' : 'http://';
    } else if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'])) { # Apache2 does not export $_SERVER['HTTPS']
        $protocol = ($_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] == '443') ? 'https://' : 'http://';
    } else {
        $protocol = 'http://';
    }

    $url_prefix = $protocol.$hostname;
    return $url_prefix . me();
}

/**
 * Determine if there is data waiting to be processed from a form
 *
 * Used on most forms in Moodle to check for data
 * Returns the data as an object, if it's found.
 * This object can be used in foreach loops without
 * casting because it's cast to (array) automatically
 *
 * Checks that submitted POST data exists and returns it as object.
 *
 * @param string $url not used anymore
 * @return mixed false or object
 */
function data_submitted($url='') {

    if (empty($_POST)) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return (object)$_POST;
    }
}

/**
 * Moodle replacement for php stripslashes() function,
 * works also for objects and arrays.
 *
 * The standard php stripslashes() removes ALL backslashes
 * even from strings - so  C:\temp becomes C:temp - this isn't good.
 * This function should work as a fairly safe replacement
 * to be called on quoted AND unquoted strings (to be sure)
 *
 * @param mixed something to remove unsafe slashes from
 * @return mixed
 */
function stripslashes_safe($mixed) {
    // there is no need to remove slashes from int, float and bool types
    if (empty($mixed)) {
        //nothing to do...
    } else if (is_string($mixed)) {
        if (ini_get_bool('magic_quotes_sybase')) { //only unescape single quotes
            $mixed = str_replace("''", "'", $mixed);
        } else { //the rest, simple and double quotes and backslashes
            $mixed = str_replace("\\'", "'", $mixed);
            $mixed = str_replace('\\"', '"', $mixed);
            $mixed = str_replace('\\\\', '\\', $mixed);
        }
    } else if (is_array($mixed)) {
        foreach ($mixed as $key => $value) {
            $mixed[$key] = stripslashes_safe($value);
        }
    } else if (is_object($mixed)) {
        $vars = get_object_vars($mixed);
        foreach ($vars as $key => $value) {
            $mixed->$key = stripslashes_safe($value);
        }
    }

    return $mixed;
}

/**
 * Recursive implementation of stripslashes()
 *
 * This function will allow you to strip the slashes from a variable.
 * If the variable is an array or object, slashes will be stripped
 * from the items (or properties) it contains, even if they are arrays
 * or objects themselves.
 *
 * @param mixed the variable to remove slashes from
 * @return mixed
 */
function stripslashes_recursive($var) {
    if(is_object($var)) {
        $properties = get_object_vars($var);
        foreach($properties as $property => $value) {
            $var->$property = stripslashes_recursive($value);
        }
    }
    else if(is_array($var)) {
        foreach($var as $property => $value) {
            $var[$property] = stripslashes_recursive($value);
        }
    }
    else if(is_string($var)) {
        $var = stripslashes($var);
    }
    return $var;
}

/**
 * Recursive implementation of addslashes()
 *
 * This function will allow you to add the slashes from a variable.
 * If the variable is an array or object, slashes will be added
 * to the items (or properties) it contains, even if they are arrays
 * or objects themselves.
 *
 * @param mixed the variable to add slashes from
 * @return mixed
 */
function addslashes_recursive($var) {
    if(is_object($var)) {
        $properties = get_object_vars($var);
        foreach($properties as $property => $value) {
            $var->$property = addslashes_recursive($value);
        }
    }
    else if(is_array($var)) {
        foreach($var as $property => $value) {
            $var[$property] = addslashes_recursive($value);
        }
    }
    else if(is_string($var)) {
        $var = addslashes($var);
    }
    return $var;
}

/**
 * Given some normal text this function will break up any
 * long words to a given size by inserting the given character
 *
 * It's multibyte savvy and doesn't change anything inside html tags.
 *
 * @param string $string the string to be modified
 * @param int $maxsize maximum length of the string to be returned
 * @param string $cutchar the string used to represent word breaks
 * @return string
 */
function break_up_long_words($string, $maxsize=20, $cutchar=' ') {

/// Loading the textlib singleton instance. We are going to need it.
    $textlib = textlib_get_instance();

/// First of all, save all the tags inside the text to skip them
    $tags = array();
    filter_save_tags($string,$tags);

/// Process the string adding the cut when necessary
    $output = '';
    $length = $textlib->strlen($string);
    $wordlength = 0;

    for ($i=0; $i<$length; $i++) {
        $char = $textlib->substr($string, $i, 1);
        if ($char == ' ' or $char == "\t" or $char == "\n" or $char == "\r" or $char == "<" or $char == ">") {
            $wordlength = 0;
        } else {
            $wordlength++;
            if ($wordlength > $maxsize) {
                $output .= $cutchar;
                $wordlength = 0;
            }
        }
        $output .= $char;
    }

/// Finally load the tags back again
    if (!empty($tags)) {
        $output = str_replace(array_keys($tags), $tags, $output);
    }

    return $output;
}

/**
 * This does a search and replace, ignoring case
 * This function is only used for versions of PHP older than version 5
 * which do not have a native version of this function.
 * Taken from the PHP manual, by bradhuizenga @ softhome.net
 *
 * @param string $find the string to search for
 * @param string $replace the string to replace $find with
 * @param string $string the string to search through
 * return string
 */
if (!function_exists('str_ireplace')) {    /// Only exists in PHP 5
    function str_ireplace($find, $replace, $string) {

        if (!is_array($find)) {
            $find = array($find);
        }

        if(!is_array($replace)) {
            if (!is_array($find)) {
                $replace = array($replace);
            } else {
                // this will duplicate the string into an array the size of $find
                $c = count($find);
                $rString = $replace;
                unset($replace);
                for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++) {
                    $replace[$i] = $rString;
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($find as $fKey => $fItem) {
            $between = explode(strtolower($fItem),strtolower($string));
            $pos = 0;
            foreach($between as $bKey => $bItem) {
                $between[$bKey] = substr($string,$pos,strlen($bItem));
                $pos += strlen($bItem) + strlen($fItem);
            }
            $string = implode($replace[$fKey],$between);
        }
        return ($string);
    }
}

/**
 * Locate the position of a string in another string
 *
 * This function is only used for versions of PHP older than version 5
 * which do not have a native version of this function.
 * Taken from the PHP manual, by dmarsh @ spscc.ctc.edu
 *
 * @param string $haystack The string to be searched
 * @param string $needle The string to search for
 * @param int $offset The position in $haystack where the search should begin.
 */
if (!function_exists('stripos')) {    /// Only exists in PHP 5
    function stripos($haystack, $needle, $offset=0) {

        return strpos(strtoupper($haystack), strtoupper($needle), $offset);
    }
}

/**
 * This function will create a HTML link that will work on both
 * Javascript and non-javascript browsers.
 * Relies on the Javascript function openpopup in javascript.php
 *
 * $url must be relative to home page  eg /mod/survey/stuff.php
 * @param string $url Web link relative to home page
 * @param string $name Name to be assigned to the popup window
 * @param string $linkname Text to be displayed as web link
 * @param int $height Height to assign to popup window
 * @param int $width Height to assign to popup window
 * @param string $title Text to be displayed as popup page title
 * @param string $options List of additional options for popup window
 * @todo Add code examples and list of some options that might be used.
 * @param boolean $return Should the link to the popup window be returned as a string (true) or printed immediately (false)?
 * @return string
 * @uses $CFG
 */
function link_to_popup_window ($url, $name='popup', $linkname='click here',
                               $height=400, $width=500, $title='Popup window',
                               $options='none', $return=false) {

    global $CFG;

    if ($options == 'none') {
        $options = 'menubar=0,location=0,scrollbars,resizable,width='. $width .',height='. $height;
    }
    $fullscreen = 0;

    if (!(strpos($url,$CFG->wwwroot) === false)) { // some log url entries contain _SERVER[HTTP_REFERRER] in which case wwwroot is already there.
        $url = substr($url, strlen($CFG->wwwroot));
    }

    $link = '$linkname";
    if ($return) {
        return $link;
    } else {
        echo $link;
    }
}

/**
 * This function will print a button submit form element
 * that will work on both Javascript and non-javascript browsers.
 * Relies on the Javascript function openpopup in javascript.php
 *
 * $url must be relative to home page  eg /mod/survey/stuff.php
 * @param string $url Web link relative to home page
 * @param string $name Name to be assigned to the popup window
 * @param string $linkname Text to be displayed as web link
 * @param int $height Height to assign to popup window
 * @param int $width Height to assign to popup window
 * @param string $title Text to be displayed as popup page title
 * @param string $options List of additional options for popup window
 * @param string $return If true, return as a string, otherwise print
 * @return string
 * @uses $CFG
 */
function button_to_popup_window ($url, $name='popup', $linkname='click here',
                                 $height=400, $width=500, $title='Popup window', $options='none', $return=false,
                                 $id='', $class='') {

    global $CFG;

    if ($options == 'none') {
        $options = 'menubar=0,location=0,scrollbars,resizable,width='. $width .',height='. $height;
    }

    if ($id) {
        $id = ' id="'.$id.'" ';
    }
    if ($class) {
        $class = ' class="'.$class.'" ';
    }
    $fullscreen = 0;

    $button = '\n";
    if ($return) {
        return $button;
    } else {
        echo $button;
    }
}


/**
 * Prints a simple button to close a window
 */
function close_window_button($name='closewindow', $return=false) {
    global $CFG;

    $output = '';

    $output .= '' . "\n";
    $output .= '';   // We don't use this
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '' . "\n";

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/*
 * Try and close the current window immediately using Javascript
 */
function close_window($delay=0) {
?>


 element as an onchange handler.
 * @param string $nothingvalue The value corresponding to the $nothing option. Defaults to 0.
 * @param boolean $return if false (the default) the the output is printed directly, If true, the
 *      generated HTML is returned as a string.
 * @param boolean $disabled if true, the select is generated in a disabled state. Default, false.
 * @param int $tabindex if give, sets the tabindex attribute on the <select> element. Default none.
 * @param string $id value to use for the id attribute of the <select> element. If none is given,
 *      then a suitable one is constructed.
 */
function choose_from_menu ($options, $name, $selected='', $nothing='choose', $script='',
                           $nothingvalue='0', $return=false, $disabled=false, $tabindex=0, $id='') {

    if ($nothing == 'choose') {
        $nothing = get_string('choose') .'...';
    }

    $attributes = ($script) ? 'onchange="'. $script .'"' : '';
    if ($disabled) {
        $attributes .= ' disabled="disabled"';
    }

    if ($tabindex) {
        $attributes .= ' tabindex="'.$tabindex.'"';
    }

    if ($id ==='') {
        $id = 'menu'.$name;
         // name may contaion [], which would make an invalid id. e.g. numeric question type editing form, assignment quickgrading
        $id = str_replace('[', '', $id);
        $id = str_replace(']', '', $id);
    }

    $output = '' . "\n";
    if ($nothing) {
        $output .= '   ' . "\n";
    }
    if (!empty($options)) {
        foreach ($options as $value => $label) {
            $output .= '   ' . "\n";
            } else {
                $output .= '>'. $label .'' . "\n";
            }
        }
    }
    $output .= '' . "\n";

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/**
 * Choose value 0 or 1 from a menu with options 'No' and 'Yes'.
 * Other options like choose_from_menu.
 */
function choose_from_menu_yesno($name, $selected, $script = '',
        $return = false, $disabled = false, $tabindex = 0) {
    return choose_from_menu(array(get_string('no'), get_string('yes')), $name,
            $selected, '', $script, '0', $return, $disabled, $tabindex);
}

/**
 * Just like choose_from_menu, but takes a nested array (2 levels) and makes a dropdown menu
 * including option headings with the first level.
 */
function choose_from_menu_nested($options,$name,$selected='',$nothing='choose',$script = '',
                                 $nothingvalue=0,$return=false,$disabled=false,$tabindex=0) {

   if ($nothing == 'choose') {
        $nothing = get_string('choose') .'...';
    }

    $attributes = ($script) ? 'onchange="'. $script .'"' : '';
    if ($disabled) {
        $attributes .= ' disabled="disabled"';
    }

    if ($tabindex) {
        $attributes .= ' tabindex="'.$tabindex.'"';
    }

    $output = '' . "\n";
    if ($nothing) {
        $output .= '   ' . "\n";
    }
    if (!empty($options)) {
        foreach ($options as $section => $values) {

            $output .= '   '."\n";
            foreach ($values as $value => $label) {
                $output .= '   ' . "\n";
                } else {
                    $output .= '>'. $label .'' . "\n";
                }
            }
            $output .= '   '."\n";
        }
    }
    $output .= '' . "\n";

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}


/**
 * Given an array of values, creates a group of radio buttons to be part of a form
 *
 * @param array  $options  An array of value-label pairs for the radio group (values as keys)
 * @param string $name     Name of the radiogroup (unique in the form)
 * @param string $checked  The value that is already checked
 */
function choose_from_radio ($options, $name, $checked='', $return=false) {

    static $idcounter = 0;

    if (!$name) {
        $name = 'unnamed';
    }

    $output = '\n";

    if (!empty($options)) {
        $currentradio = 0;
        foreach ($options as $value => $label) {
            $htmlid = 'auto-rb'.sprintf('%04d', ++$idcounter);
            $output .= ' ";
            $output .= ''.  $value .'' .  "\n";
            } else {
                $output .= ' /> '.  $label .'' .  "\n";
            }
            $currentradio = ($currentradio + 1) % 2;
        }
    }

    $output .= '' .  "\n";

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/** Display an standard html checkbox with an optional label
 *
 * @param string  $name    The name of the checkbox
 * @param string  $value   The valus that the checkbox will pass when checked
 * @param boolean $checked The flag to tell the checkbox initial state
 * @param string  $label   The label to be showed near the checkbox
 * @param string  $alt     The info to be inserted in the alt tag
 */
function print_checkbox ($name, $value, $checked = true, $label = '', $alt = '', $script='',$return=false) {

    static $idcounter = 0;

    if (!$name) {
        $name = 'unnamed';
    }

    if ($alt) {
        $alt = strip_tags($alt);
    } else {
        $alt = 'checkbox';
    }

    if ($checked) {
        $strchecked = ' checked="checked"';
    } else {
        $strchecked = '';
    }

    $htmlid = 'auto-cb'.sprintf('%04d', ++$idcounter);
    $output  = '";
    $output .= '';
    if(!empty($label)) {
        $output .= ' '.$label.'';
    }
    $output .= ''."\n";

    if (empty($return)) {
        echo $output;
    } else {
        return $output;
    }

}

/** Display an standard html text field with an optional label
 *
 * @param string  $name    The name of the text field
 * @param string  $value   The value of the text field
 * @param string  $label   The label to be showed near the text field
 * @param string  $alt     The info to be inserted in the alt tag
 */
function print_textfield ($name, $value, $alt = '',$size=50,$maxlength=0, $return=false) {

    static $idcounter = 0;

    if (empty($name)) {
        $name = 'unnamed';
    }

    if (empty($alt)) {
        $alt = 'textfield';
    }

    if (!empty($maxlength)) {
        $maxlength = ' maxlength="'.$maxlength.'" ';
    }

    $htmlid = 'auto-tf'.sprintf('%04d', ++$idcounter);
    $output  = '";
    $output .= '';

    $output .= ''."\n";

    if (empty($return)) {
        echo $output;
    } else {
        return $output;
    }

}


/**
 * Implements a complete little popup form
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $common  The URL up to the point of the variable that changes
 * @param array $options  Alist of value-label pairs for the popup list
 * @param string $formid Id must be unique on the page (originaly $formname)
 * @param string $selected The option that is already selected
 * @param string $nothing The label for the "no choice" option
 * @param string $help The name of a help page if help is required
 * @param string $helptext The name of the label for the help button
 * @param boolean $return Indicates whether the function should return the text
 *         as a string or echo it directly to the page being rendered
 * @param string $targetwindow The name of the target page to open the linked page in.
 * @param string $selectlabel Text to place in a [label] element - preferred for accessibility.
 * @param array $optionsextra TODO, an array?
 * @return string If $return is true then the entire form is returned as a string.
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function popup_form($common, $options, $formid, $selected='', $nothing='choose', $help='', $helptext='', $return=false,
$targetwindow='self', $selectlabel='', $optionsextra=NULL) {

    global $CFG;
    static $go, $choose;   /// Locally cached, in case there's lots on a page

    if (empty($options)) {
        return '';
    }

    if (!isset($go)) {
        $go = get_string('go');
    }

    if ($nothing == 'choose') {
        if (!isset($choose)) {
            $choose = get_string('choose');
        }
        $nothing = $choose.'...';
    }

    // changed reference to document.getElementById('id_abc') instead of document.abc
    // MDL-7861
    $output = 'frametarget.
                        ' id="'.$formid.'"'.
                        ' class="popupform">';
    if ($help) {
        $button = helpbutton($help, $helptext, 'moodle', true, false, '', true);
    } else {
        $button = '';
    }

    if ($selectlabel) {
        $selectlabel = ''.$selectlabel.'';
    }

    //IE and Opera fire the onchange when ever you move into a dropdwown list with the keyboard. 
    //onfocus will call a function inside dropdown.js. It fixes this IE/Opera behavior.
    if (check_browser_version('MSIE') || check_browser_version('Opera')) {
        $output .= ''.$selectlabel.$button.''."\n";
    }
    //Other browser
    else {
        $output .= ''.$selectlabel.$button.''."\n";  
    }
    
    if ($nothing != '') {
        $output .= "   $nothing\n";
    }

    $inoptgroup = false;

    foreach ($options as $value => $label) {

        if ($label == '--') { /// we are ending previous optgroup
            /// Check to see if we already have a valid open optgroup
            /// XHTML demands that there be at least 1 option within an optgroup
            if ($inoptgroup and (count($optgr) > 1) ) {
                $output .= implode('', $optgr);
                $output .= '   ';
            }
            $optgr = array();
            $inoptgroup = false;
            continue;
        } else if (substr($label,0,2) == '--') { /// we are starting a new optgroup

            /// Check to see if we already have a valid open optgroup
            /// XHTML demands that there be at least 1 option within an optgroup
            if ($inoptgroup and (count($optgr) > 1) ) {
                $output .= implode('', $optgr);
                $output .= '   ';
            }

            unset($optgr);
            $optgr = array();

            $optgr[]  = '   ';   // Plain labels

            $inoptgroup = true; /// everything following will be in an optgroup
            continue;

        } else {
           if (!empty($CFG->usesid) && !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]))
            {
                $url=sid_process_url( $common . $value );
            } else
            {
                $url=$common . $value;
            }
            $optstr = '   ' . "\n";
            } else {
                $optstr .= '>'. $value .'' . "\n";
            }

            if ($inoptgroup) {
                $optgr[] = $optstr;
            } else {
                $output .= $optstr;
            }
        }

    }

    /// catch the final group if not closed
    if ($inoptgroup and count($optgr) > 1) {
        $output .= implode('', $optgr);
        $output .= '    ';
    }

    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';
    $output .= '';

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}


/**
 * Prints some red text
 *
 * @param string $error The text to be displayed in red
 */
function formerr($error) {

    if (!empty($error)) {
        echo ''. $error .'';
    }
}

/**
 * Validates an email to make sure it makes sense.
 *
 * @param string $address The email address to validate.
 * @return boolean
 */
function validate_email($address) {

    return (ereg('^[-!#$%&\'*+\\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+'.
                 '(\.[-!#$%&\'*+\\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*'.
                  '@'.
                  '[-!#$%&\'*+\\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+\.'.
                  '[-!#$%&\'*+\\./0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+$',
                  $address));
}

/**
 * Extracts file argument either from file parameter or PATH_INFO
 *
 * @param string $scriptname name of the calling script
 * @return string file path (only safe characters)
 */
function get_file_argument($scriptname) {
    global $_SERVER;

    $relativepath = FALSE;

    // first try normal parameter (compatible method == no relative links!)
    $relativepath = optional_param('file', FALSE, PARAM_PATH);
    if ($relativepath === '/testslasharguments') {
        echo 'test -1      : Incorrect use - try "file.php/testslasharguments" instead'; //indicate fopen/fread works for health center
        die;
    }

    // then try extract file from PATH_INFO (slasharguments method)
    if (!$relativepath and !empty($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) {
        $path_info = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];
        // check that PATH_INFO works == must not contain the script name
        if (!strpos($path_info, $scriptname)) {
            $relativepath = clean_param(rawurldecode($path_info), PARAM_PATH);
            if ($relativepath === '/testslasharguments') {
                echo 'test 1      : Slasharguments test passed. Server confguration is compatible with file.php/1/pic.jpg slashargument setting.'; //indicate ok for health center
                die;
            }
        }
    }

    // now if both fail try the old way
    // (for compatibility with misconfigured or older buggy php implementations)
    if (!$relativepath) {
        $arr = explode($scriptname, me());
        if (!empty($arr[1])) {
            $path_info = strip_querystring($arr[1]);
            $relativepath = clean_param(rawurldecode($path_info), PARAM_PATH);
            if ($relativepath === '/testslasharguments') {
                echo 'test 2      : Slasharguments test passed (compatibility hack). Server confguration may be compatible with file.php/1/pic.jpg slashargument setting'; //indicate ok for health center
                die;
            }
        }
    }

    return $relativepath;
}

/**
 * Searches the current environment variables for some slash arguments
 *
 * @param string $file ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function get_slash_arguments($file='file.php') {

    if (!$string = me()) {
        return false;
    }

    $pathinfo = explode($file, $string);

    if (!empty($pathinfo[1])) {
        return addslashes($pathinfo[1]);
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * Extracts arguments from "/foo/bar/something"
 * eg http://mysite.com/script.php/foo/bar/something
 *
 * @param string $string ?
 * @param int $i ?
 * @return array|string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function parse_slash_arguments($string, $i=0) {

    if (detect_munged_arguments($string)) {
        return false;
    }
    $args = explode('/', $string);

    if ($i) {     // return just the required argument
        return $args[$i];

    } else {      // return the whole array
        array_shift($args);  // get rid of the empty first one
        return $args;
    }
}

/**
 * Just returns an array of text formats suitable for a popup menu
 *
 * @uses FORMAT_MOODLE
 * @uses FORMAT_HTML
 * @uses FORMAT_PLAIN
 * @uses FORMAT_MARKDOWN
 * @return array
 */
function format_text_menu() {

    return array (FORMAT_MOODLE => get_string('formattext'),
                  FORMAT_HTML   => get_string('formathtml'),
                  FORMAT_PLAIN  => get_string('formatplain'),
                  FORMAT_MARKDOWN  => get_string('formatmarkdown'));
}

/**
 * Given text in a variety of format codings, this function returns
 * the text as safe HTML.
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses FORMAT_MOODLE
 * @uses FORMAT_HTML
 * @uses FORMAT_PLAIN
 * @uses FORMAT_WIKI
 * @uses FORMAT_MARKDOWN
 * @param string $text The text to be formatted. This is raw text originally from user input.
 * @param int $format Identifier of the text format to be used
 *            (FORMAT_MOODLE, FORMAT_HTML, FORMAT_PLAIN, FORMAT_WIKI, FORMAT_MARKDOWN)
 * @param  array $options ?
 * @param int $courseid ?
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function format_text($text, $format=FORMAT_MOODLE, $options=NULL, $courseid=NULL) {

    global $CFG, $COURSE;

    if ($text === '') {
        return ''; // no need to do any filters and cleaning
    }

    if (!isset($options->trusttext)) {
        $options->trusttext = false;
    }

    if (!isset($options->noclean)) {
        $options->noclean=false;
    }
    if (!isset($options->nocache)) {
        $options->nocache=false;
    }
    if (!isset($options->smiley)) {
        $options->smiley=true;
    }
    if (!isset($options->filter)) {
        $options->filter=true;
    }
    if (!isset($options->para)) {
        $options->para=true;
    }
    if (!isset($options->newlines)) {
        $options->newlines=true;
    }

    if (empty($courseid)) {
        $courseid = $COURSE->id;
    }

    if (!empty($CFG->cachetext) and empty($options->nocache)) {
        $time = time() - $CFG->cachetext;
        $md5key = md5($text.'-'.(int)$courseid.'-'.current_language().'-'.(int)$format.(int)$options->trusttext.(int)$options->noclean.(int)$options->smiley.(int)$options->filter.(int)$options->para.(int)$options->newlines);
        if ($oldcacheitem = get_record_sql('SELECT * FROM '.$CFG->prefix.'cache_text WHERE md5key = \''.$md5key.'\'', true)) {
            if ($oldcacheitem->timemodified >= $time) {
                return $oldcacheitem->formattedtext;
            }
        }
    }

    // trusttext overrides the noclean option!
    if ($options->trusttext) {
        if (trusttext_present($text)) {
            $text = trusttext_strip($text);
            if (!empty($CFG->enabletrusttext)) {
                $options->noclean = true;
            } else {
                $options->noclean = false;
            }
        } else {
            $options->noclean = false;
        }
    } else if (!debugging('', DEBUG_DEVELOPER)) {
        // strip any forgotten trusttext in non-developer mode
        // do not forget to disable text cache when debugging trusttext!!
        $text = trusttext_strip($text);
    }

    $CFG->currenttextiscacheable = true;   // Default status - can be changed by any filter

    switch ($format) {
        case FORMAT_HTML:
            if ($options->smiley) {
                replace_smilies($text);
            }
            if (!$options->noclean) {
                $text = clean_text($text, FORMAT_HTML);
            }
            if ($options->filter) {
                $text = filter_text($text, $courseid);
            }
            break;

        case FORMAT_PLAIN:
            $text = s($text); // cleans dangerous JS
            $text = rebuildnolinktag($text);
            $text = str_replace('  ', '  ', $text);
            $text = nl2br($text);
            break;

        case FORMAT_WIKI:
            // this format is deprecated
            $text = 'NOTICE: Wiki-like formatting has been removed from Moodle.  You should not be seeing
                     this message as all texts should have been converted to Markdown format instead.
                     Please post a bug report to http://moodle.org/bugs with information about where you
                     saw this message.'.s($text);
            break;

        case FORMAT_MARKDOWN:
            $text = markdown_to_html($text);
            if ($options->smiley) {
                replace_smilies($text);
            }
            if (!$options->noclean) {
                $text = clean_text($text, FORMAT_HTML);
            }

            if ($options->filter) {
                $text = filter_text($text, $courseid);
            }
            break;

        default:  // FORMAT_MOODLE or anything else
            $text = text_to_html($text, $options->smiley, $options->para, $options->newlines);
            if (!$options->noclean) {
                $text = clean_text($text, FORMAT_HTML);
            }

            if ($options->filter) {
                $text = filter_text($text, $courseid);
            }
            break;
    }

    if (empty($options->nocache) and !empty($CFG->cachetext) and $CFG->currenttextiscacheable) {
        $newcacheitem = new object();
        $newcacheitem->md5key = $md5key;
        $newcacheitem->formattedtext = addslashes($text);
        $newcacheitem->timemodified = time();
        if ($oldcacheitem) {                               // See bug 4677 for discussion
            $newcacheitem->id = $oldcacheitem->id;
            @update_record('cache_text', $newcacheitem);   // Update existing record in the cache table
                                                           // It's unlikely that the cron cache cleaner could have
                                                           // deleted this entry in the meantime, as it allows
                                                           // some extra time to cover these cases.
        } else {
            @insert_record('cache_text', $newcacheitem);   // Insert a new record in the cache table
                                                           // Again, it's possible that another user has caused this
                                                           // record to be created already in the time that it took
                                                           // to traverse this function.  That's OK too, as the
                                                           // call above handles duplicate entries, and eventually
                                                           // the cron cleaner will delete them.
        }
    }

    return $text;
}

/** Converts the text format from the value to the 'internal'
 *  name or vice versa. $key can either be the value or the name
 *  and you get the other back.
 *
 *  @param mixed int 0-4 or string one of 'moodle','html','plain','markdown'
 *  @return mixed as above but the other way around!
 */
function text_format_name( $key ) {
  $lookup = array();
  $lookup[FORMAT_MOODLE] = 'moodle';
  $lookup[FORMAT_HTML] = 'html';
  $lookup[FORMAT_PLAIN] = 'plain';
  $lookup[FORMAT_MARKDOWN] = 'markdown';
  $value = "error";
  if (!is_numeric($key)) {
    $key = strtolower( $key );
    $value = array_search( $key, $lookup );
  }
  else {
    if (isset( $lookup[$key] )) {
      $value =  $lookup[ $key ];
    }
  }
  return $value;
}


/** Given a simple string, this function returns the string
 *  processed by enabled filters if $CFG->filterall is enabled
 *
 *  @param string  $string     The string to be filtered.
 *  @param boolean $striplinks To strip any link in the result text (Moodle 1.8 default changed from false to true! MDL-8713)
 *  @param int     $courseid   Current course as filters can, potentially, use it
 *  @return string
 */
function format_string ($string, $striplinks=true, $courseid=NULL ) {

    global $CFG, $COURSE;

    //We'll use a in-memory cache here to speed up repeated strings
    static $strcache = false;

    if ($strcache === false or count($strcache) > 2000 ) { // this number might need some tuning to limit memory usage in cron
        $strcache = array();
    }

    //init course id
    if (empty($courseid)) {
        $courseid = $COURSE->id;
    }

    //Calculate md5
    $md5 = md5($string.'<+>'.$striplinks.'<+>'.$courseid.'<+>'.current_language());

    //Fetch from cache if possible
    if (isset($strcache[$md5])) {
        return $strcache[$md5];
    }

    // First replace all ampersands not followed by html entity code
    $string = preg_replace("/\&(?![a-zA-Z0-9#]{1,8};)/", "&", $string);

    if (!empty($CFG->filterall)) {
        $string = filter_string($string, $courseid);
    }

    // If the site requires it, strip ALL tags from this string
    if (!empty($CFG->formatstringstriptags)) {
        $string = strip_tags($string);

    } else {
        // Otherwise strip just links if that is required (default)
        if ($striplinks) {  //strip links in string
            $string = preg_replace('/(]+?>)(.+?)(<\/a>)/is','$2',$string);
        }
        $string = clean_text($string);
    }

    //Store to cache
    $strcache[$md5] = $string;

    return $string;
}

/**
 * Given text in a variety of format codings, this function returns
 * the text as plain text suitable for plain email.
 *
 * @uses FORMAT_MOODLE
 * @uses FORMAT_HTML
 * @uses FORMAT_PLAIN
 * @uses FORMAT_WIKI
 * @uses FORMAT_MARKDOWN
 * @param string $text The text to be formatted. This is raw text originally from user input.
 * @param int $format Identifier of the text format to be used
 *            (FORMAT_MOODLE, FORMAT_HTML, FORMAT_PLAIN, FORMAT_WIKI, FORMAT_MARKDOWN)
 * @return string
 */
function format_text_email($text, $format) {

    switch ($format) {

        case FORMAT_PLAIN:
            return $text;
            break;

        case FORMAT_WIKI:
            $text = wiki_to_html($text);
        /// This expression turns links into something nice in a text format. (Russell Jungwirth)
        /// From: http://php.net/manual/en/function.eregi-replace.php and simplified
            $text = eregi_replace('(]*>([^<]*))','\\3 [ \\2 ]', $text);
            return strtr(strip_tags($text), array_flip(get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES)));
            break;

        case FORMAT_HTML:
            return html_to_text($text);
            break;

        case FORMAT_MOODLE:
        case FORMAT_MARKDOWN:
        default:
            $text = eregi_replace('(]*>([^<]*))','\\3 [ \\2 ]', $text);
            return strtr(strip_tags($text), array_flip(get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES)));
            break;
    }
}

/**
 * Given some text in HTML format, this function will pass it
 * through any filters that have been defined in $CFG->textfilterx
 * The variable defines a filepath to a file containing the
 * filter function.  The file must contain a variable called
 * $textfilter_function which contains the name of the function
 * with $courseid and $text parameters
 *
 * @param string $text The text to be passed through format filters
 * @param int $courseid ?
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function filter_text($text, $courseid=NULL) {
    global $CFG, $COURSE;

    if (empty($courseid)) {
        $courseid = $COURSE->id;       // (copied from format_text)
    }

    if (!empty($CFG->textfilters)) {
        require_once($CFG->libdir.'/filterlib.php');
        $textfilters = explode(',', $CFG->textfilters);
        foreach ($textfilters as $textfilter) {
            if (is_readable($CFG->dirroot .'/'. $textfilter .'/filter.php')) {
                include_once($CFG->dirroot .'/'. $textfilter .'/filter.php');
                $functionname = basename($textfilter).'_filter';
                if (function_exists($functionname)) {
                    $text = $functionname($courseid, $text);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ///  tags removed for XHTML compatibility
    $text = str_replace('', '', $text);
    $text = str_replace('', '', $text);

    return $text;
}


/**
 * Given a string (short text) in HTML format, this function will pass it
 * through any filters that have been defined in $CFG->stringfilters
 * The variable defines a filepath to a file containing the
 * filter function.  The file must contain a variable called
 * $textfilter_function which contains the name of the function
 * with $courseid and $text parameters
 *
 * @param string $string The text to be passed through format filters
 * @param int $courseid The id of a course
 * @return string
 */
function filter_string($string, $courseid=NULL) {
    global $CFG, $COURSE;

    if (empty($CFG->textfilters)) {             // All filters are disabled anyway so quit
        return $string;
    }

    if (empty($courseid)) {
        $courseid = $COURSE->id;
    }

    require_once($CFG->libdir.'/filterlib.php');

    if (isset($CFG->stringfilters)) {               // We have a predefined list to use, great!
        if (empty($CFG->stringfilters)) {                    // but it's blank, so finish now
            return $string;
        }
        $stringfilters = explode(',', $CFG->stringfilters);  // ..use the list we have

    } else {                                        // Otherwise try to derive a list from textfilters
        if (strpos($CFG->textfilters, 'filter/multilang') !== false) {  // Multilang is here
            $stringfilters = array('filter/multilang');       // Let's use just that
            $CFG->stringfilters = 'filter/multilang';         // Save it for next time through
        } else {
            $CFG->stringfilters = '';                         // Save the result and return
            return $string;
        }
    }


    foreach ($stringfilters as $stringfilter) {
        if (is_readable($CFG->dirroot .'/'. $stringfilter .'/filter.php')) {
            include_once($CFG->dirroot .'/'. $stringfilter .'/filter.php');
            $functionname = basename($stringfilter).'_filter';
            if (function_exists($functionname)) {
                $string = $functionname($courseid, $string);
            }
        }
    }

    ///  tags removed for XHTML compatibility
    $string = str_replace('', '', $string);
    $string = str_replace('', '', $string);

    return $string;
}

/**
 * Is the text marked as trusted?
 *
 * @param string $text text to be searched for TRUSTTEXT marker
 * @return boolean
 */
function trusttext_present($text) {
    if (strpos($text, TRUSTTEXT) !== FALSE) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * This funtion MUST be called before the cleaning or any other
 * function that modifies the data! We do not know the origin of trusttext
 * in database, if it gets there in tweaked form we must not convert it
 * to supported form!!!
 *
 * Please be carefull not to use stripslashes on data from database
 * or twice stripslashes when processing data recieved from user.
 *
 * @param string $text text that may contain TRUSTTEXT marker
 * @return text without any TRUSTTEXT marker
 */
function trusttext_strip($text) {
    global $CFG;

    while (true) { //removing nested TRUSTTEXT
        $orig = $text;
        $text = str_replace(TRUSTTEXT, '', $text);
        if (strcmp($orig, $text) === 0) {
            return $text;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Mark text as trusted, such text may contain any HTML tags because the
 * normal text cleaning will be bypassed.
 * Please make sure that the text comes from trusted user before storing
 * it into database!
 */
function trusttext_mark($text) {
    global $CFG;
    if (!empty($CFG->enabletrusttext) and (strpos($text, TRUSTTEXT) === FALSE)) {
        return TRUSTTEXT.$text;
    } else {
        return $text;
    }
}
function trusttext_after_edit(&$text, $context) {
    if (has_capability('moodle/site:trustcontent', $context)) {
        $text = trusttext_strip($text);
        $text = trusttext_mark($text);
    } else {
        $text = trusttext_strip($text);
    }
}

function trusttext_prepare_edit(&$text, &$format, $usehtmleditor, $context) {
    global $CFG;

    $options = new object();
    $options->smiley = false;
    $options->filter = false;
    if (!empty($CFG->enabletrusttext)
         and has_capability('moodle/site:trustcontent', $context)
         and trusttext_present($text)) {
        $options->noclean = true;
    } else {
        $options->noclean = false;
    }
    $text = trusttext_strip($text);
    if ($usehtmleditor) {
        $text = format_text($text, $format, $options);
        $format = FORMAT_HTML;
    } else if (!$options->noclean){
        $text = clean_text($text, $format);
    }
}

/**
 * Given raw text (eg typed in by a user), this function cleans it up
 * and removes any nasty tags that could mess up Moodle pages.
 *
 * @uses FORMAT_MOODLE
 * @uses FORMAT_PLAIN
 * @uses ALLOWED_TAGS
 * @param string $text The text to be cleaned
 * @param int $format Identifier of the text format to be used
 *            (FORMAT_MOODLE, FORMAT_HTML, FORMAT_PLAIN, FORMAT_WIKI, FORMAT_MARKDOWN)
 * @return string The cleaned up text
 */
function clean_text($text, $format=FORMAT_MOODLE) {

    global $ALLOWED_TAGS;

    switch ($format) {
        case FORMAT_PLAIN:
        case FORMAT_MARKDOWN:
            return $text;

        default:

        /// Fix non standard entity notations
            $text = preg_replace('/(&#[0-9]+)(;?)/', "\\1;", $text);
            $text = preg_replace('/(&#x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(;?)/', "\\1;", $text);

        /// Remove tags that are not allowed
            $text = strip_tags($text, $ALLOWED_TAGS);

        /// Clean up embedded scripts and , using kses
            $text = cleanAttributes($text);

        /// Again remove tags that are not allowed
            $text = strip_tags($text, $ALLOWED_TAGS);

        /// Remove script events
            $text = eregi_replace("([^a-z])language([[:space:]]*)=", "\\1Xlanguage=", $text);
            $text = eregi_replace("([^a-z])on([a-z]+)([[:space:]]*)=", "\\1Xon\\2=", $text);

            return $text;
    }
}

/**
 * This function takes a string and examines it for HTML tags.
 * If tags are detected it passes the string to a helper function {@link cleanAttributes2()}
 *  which checks for attributes and filters them for malicious content
 *         17/08/2004              ::          Eamon DOT Costello AT dcu DOT ie
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be examined for html tags
 * @return string
 */
function cleanAttributes($str){
    $result = preg_replace_callback(
            '%(<[^>]*(>|$)|>)%m', #search for html tags
            "cleanAttributes2",
            $str
            );
    return  $result;
}

/**
 * This function takes a string with an html tag and strips out any unallowed
 * protocols e.g. javascript:
 * It calls ancillary functions in kses which are prefixed by kses
*        17/08/2004              ::          Eamon DOT Costello AT dcu DOT ie
 *
 * @param array $htmlArray An array from {@link cleanAttributes()}, containing in its 1st
 *              element the html to be cleared
 * @return string
 */
function cleanAttributes2($htmlArray){

    global $CFG, $ALLOWED_PROTOCOLS;
    require_once($CFG->libdir .'/kses.php');

    $htmlTag = $htmlArray[1];
    if (substr($htmlTag, 0, 1) != '<') {
        return '>';  //a single character ">" detected
    }
    if (!preg_match('%^<\s*(/\s*)?([a-zA-Z0-9]+)([^>]*)>?$%', $htmlTag, $matches)) {
        return ''; // It's seriously malformed
    }
    $slash = trim($matches[1]); //trailing xhtml slash
    $elem = $matches[2];    //the element name
    $attrlist = $matches[3]; // the list of attributes as a string

    $attrArray = kses_hair($attrlist, $ALLOWED_PROTOCOLS);

    $attStr = '';
    foreach ($attrArray as $arreach) {
        $arreach['name'] = strtolower($arreach['name']);
        if ($arreach['name'] == 'style') {
            $value = $arreach['value'];
            while (true) {
                $prevvalue = $value;
                $value = kses_no_null($value);
                $value = preg_replace("/\/\*.*\*\//Us", '', $value);
                $value = kses_decode_entities($value);
                $value = preg_replace('/(&#[0-9]+)(;?)/', "\\1;", $value);
                $value = preg_replace('/(&#x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(;?)/', "\\1;", $value);
                if ($value === $prevvalue) {
                    $arreach['value'] = $value;
                    break;
                }
            }
            $arreach['value'] = preg_replace("/j\s*a\s*v\s*a\s*s\s*c\s*r\s*i\s*p\s*t/i", "Xjavascript", $arreach['value']);
            $arreach['value'] = preg_replace("/e\s*x\s*p\s*r\s*e\s*s\s*s\s*i\s*o\s*n/i", "Xexpression", $arreach['value']);
            $arreach['value'] = preg_replace("/b\s*i\s*n\s*d\s*i\s*n\s*g/i", "Xbinding", $arreach['value']);
        } else if ($arreach['name'] == 'href') {
            //Adobe Acrobat Reader XSS protection
            $arreach['value'] = preg_replace('/(\.(pdf|fdf|xfdf|xdp|xfd))[^a-z0-9_\.\-].*$/i', '$1', $arreach['value']);
        }
        $attStr .=  ' '.$arreach['name'].'="'.$arreach['value'].'"';
    }

    $xhtml_slash = '';
    if (preg_match('%/\s*$%', $attrlist)) {
        $xhtml_slash = ' /';
    }
    return '<'. $slash . $elem . $attStr . $xhtml_slash .'>';
}

/**
 * Replaces all known smileys in the text with image equivalents
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $text Passed by reference. The string to search for smily strings.
 * @return string
 */
function replace_smilies(&$text) {
///
    global $CFG;

    $lang = current_language();

/// this builds the mapping array only once
    static $e = array();
    static $img = array();
    static $emoticons = array(
        ':-)'  => 'smiley',
        ':)'   => 'smiley',
        ':-D'  => 'biggrin',
        ';-)'  => 'wink',
        ':-/'  => 'mixed',
        'V-.'  => 'thoughtful',
        ':-P'  => 'tongueout',
        'B-)'  => 'cool',
        '^-)'  => 'approve',
        '8-)'  => 'wideeyes',
        ':o)'  => 'clown',
        ':-('  => 'sad',
        ':('   => 'sad',
        '8-.'  => 'shy',
        ':-I'  => 'blush',
        ':-X'  => 'kiss',
        '8-o'  => 'surprise',
        'P-|'  => 'blackeye',
        '8-['  => 'angry',
        'xx-P' => 'dead',
        '|-.'  => 'sleepy',
        '}-]'  => 'evil',
        '(h)'  => 'heart',
        '(heart)'  => 'heart',
        '(y)'  => 'yes',
        '(n)'  => 'no',
        '(martin)'  => 'martin',
        '( )'  => 'egg'
        );

    if (empty($img[$lang])) {  /// After the first time this is not run again
        $e[$lang] = array();
        $img[$lang] = array();
        foreach ($emoticons as $emoticon => $image){
            $alttext = get_string($image, 'pix');

            $e[$lang][] = $emoticon;
            $img[$lang][] = '';
        }
    }

    // Exclude from transformations all the code inside '."\n" : '';
            } else {
                $httpsrequired = empty($HTTPSPAGEREQUIRED) ? '' : '?httpsrequired=1';
                $str .= ($scriptcount < 1) ? ''."\n" : '';

            }
            $str .= ($scriptcount < 1) ? ''."\n" : '';
            $scriptcount++;

            if ($height) {    // Usually with legacy calls
                if ($rows < $minrows) {
                    $rows = $minrows;
                }
            }
            if ($width) {    // Usually with legacy calls
                if ($cols < $mincols) {
                    $cols = $mincols;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    $str .= '';
    if ($usehtmleditor) {
        $str .= htmlspecialchars($value); // needed for editing of cleaned text!
    } else {
        $str .= s($value);
    }
    $str .= ''."\n";

    if ($usehtmleditor) {
        // Show shortcuts button if HTML editor is in use, but only if JavaScript is enabled (MDL-9556)
        $str .= '';
    }

    if ($return) {
        return $str;
    }
    echo $str;
}

/**
 * Sets up the HTML editor on textareas in the current page.
 * If a field name is provided, then it will only be
 * applied to that field - otherwise it will be used
 * on every textarea in the page.
 *
 * In most cases no arguments need to be supplied
 *
 * @param string $name Form element to replace with HTMl editor by name
 */
function use_html_editor($name='', $editorhidebuttons='', $id='') {
    global $THEME;
    
    $editor = 'editor_'.md5($name); //name might contain illegal characters
    if ($id === '') {
        $id = 'edit-'.$name;
    }
    echo "\n".''."\n";
}

function print_editor_config($editorhidebuttons='', $return=false) {
    global $CFG;

    $str = "config.pageStyle = \"body {";

    if (!(empty($CFG->editorbackgroundcolor))) {
        $str .= " background-color: $CFG->editorbackgroundcolor;";
    }

    if (!(empty($CFG->editorfontfamily))) {
        $str .= " font-family: $CFG->editorfontfamily;";
    }

    if (!(empty($CFG->editorfontsize))) {
        $str .= " font-size: $CFG->editorfontsize;";
    }

    $str .= " }\";\n";
    $str .= "config.killWordOnPaste = ";
    $str .= (empty($CFG->editorkillword)) ? "false":"true";
    $str .= ';'."\n";
    $str .= 'config.fontname = {'."\n";

    $fontlist = isset($CFG->editorfontlist) ? explode(';', $CFG->editorfontlist) : array();
    $i = 1;                     // Counter is used to get rid of the last comma.

    foreach ($fontlist as $fontline) {
        if (!empty($fontline)) {
            if ($i > 1) {
                $str .= ','."\n";
            }
            list($fontkey, $fontvalue) = split(':', $fontline);
            $str .= '"'. $fontkey ."\":\t'". $fontvalue ."'";

            $i++;
        }
    }
    $str .= '};';

    if (!empty($editorhidebuttons)) {
        $str .= "\nconfig.hideSomeButtons(\" ". $editorhidebuttons ." \");\n";
    } else if (!empty($CFG->editorhidebuttons)) {
        $str .= "\nconfig.hideSomeButtons(\" ". $CFG->editorhidebuttons ." \");\n";
    }

    if (!empty($CFG->editorspelling) && !empty($CFG->aspellpath)) {
        $str .= print_speller_code($CFG->htmleditor, true);
    }

    if ($return) {
        return $str;
    }
    echo $str;
}

/**
 * Returns a turn edit on/off button for course in a self contained form.
 * Used to be an icon, but it's now a simple form button
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $courseid The course  to update by id as found in 'course' table
 * @return string
 */
function update_course_icon($courseid) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (editcourseallowed($courseid)) {
        if (!empty($USER->editing)) {
            $string = get_string('turneditingoff');
            $edit = '0';
        } else {
            $string = get_string('turneditingon');
            $edit = '1';
        }

        return 'frametarget.' method="get" action="'.$CFG->wwwroot.'/course/view.php">'.
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               '';
    }
}

/**
 * Returns a little popup menu for switching roles
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $courseid The course  to update by id as found in 'course' table
 * @return string
 */
function switchroles_form($courseid) {

    global $CFG, $USER;


    if (!$context = get_context_instance(CONTEXT_COURSE, $courseid)) {
        return '';
    }

    if (!empty($USER->switchrole[$context->id])){  // Just a button to return to normal
        $options = array();
        $options['id'] = $courseid;
        $options['sesskey'] = sesskey();
        $options['switchrole'] = 0;

        return print_single_button($CFG->wwwroot.'/course/view.php', $options,
                                   get_string('switchrolereturn'), 'post', '_self', true);
    }

    if (has_capability('moodle/role:switchroles', $context)) {
        if (!$roles = get_assignable_roles($context)) {
            return '';   // Nothing to show!
        }
        // unset default user role - it would not work
        unset($roles[$CFG->guestroleid]);
        return popup_form($CFG->wwwroot.'/course/view.php?id='.$courseid.'&sesskey='.sesskey().'&switchrole=',
                          $roles, 'switchrole', '', get_string('switchroleto'), 'switchrole', get_string('switchroleto'), true);
    }

    return '';
}


/**
 * Returns a turn edit on/off button for course in a self contained form.
 * Used to be an icon, but it's now a simple form button
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $courseid The course  to update by id as found in 'course' table
 * @return string
 */
function update_mymoodle_icon() {

    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (!empty($USER->editing)) {
        $string = get_string('updatemymoodleoff');
        $edit = '0';
    } else {
        $string = get_string('updatemymoodleon');
        $edit = '1';
    }

    return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/my/index.php\">".
           "".
           "".
           "";
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on a module "view" page
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param    type description
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function update_module_button($moduleid, $courseid, $string) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (has_capability('moodle/course:manageactivities', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_MODULE, $moduleid))) {
        $string = get_string('updatethis', '', $string);

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/course/mod.php\" onsubmit=\"this.target='{$CFG->framename}'; return true\">".//hack to allow edit on framed resources
               "".
               "".
               "".
               "".
               "";
    } else {
        return '';
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on a category page
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $categoryid ?
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function update_category_button($categoryid) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (has_capability('moodle/category:update', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_COURSECAT, $categoryid))) {
        if (!empty($USER->categoryediting)) {
            $string = get_string('turneditingoff');
            $edit = 'off';
        } else {
            $string = get_string('turneditingon');
            $edit = 'on';
        }

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/course/category.php\">".
               ''.
               "".
               "".
               "sesskey\" />".
               "";
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on categories listing
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @return string
 */
function update_categories_button() {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (has_capability('moodle/category:update', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_SYSTEM, SITEID))) {
        if (!empty($USER->categoryediting)) {
            $string = get_string('turneditingoff');
            $categoryedit = 'off';
        } else {
            $string = get_string('turneditingon');
            $categoryedit = 'on';
        }

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/course/index.php\">".
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               '';
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on search results listing
 * For bulk move courses to another category
 */

function update_categories_search_button($search,$page,$perpage) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    // not sure if this capability is the best  here
    if (has_capability('moodle/category:update', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_SYSTEM, SITEID))) {
        if (!empty($USER->categoryediting)) {
            $string = get_string("turneditingoff");
            $edit = "off";
            $perpage = 30;
        } else {
            $string = get_string("turneditingon");
            $edit = "on";
        }

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/course/search.php\">".
               ''.
               "".
               "sesskey\" />".
               "".
               "".
               "".
               "";
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on group page
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $courseid The course group is associated with
 * @param int $groupid The group to update
 * @return string
 */
function update_group_button($courseid, $groupid) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (has_capability('moodle/course:managegroups', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_GROUP, $groupid))) {
        $string = get_string('editgroupprofile');

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/group/edit.php\">".
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               ''.
               '';
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the editing button on groups page
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $USER
 * @param int $courseid The id of the course to be edited
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function update_groups_button($courseid) {
    global $CFG, $USER;

    if (has_capability('moodle/course:managegroups', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_COURSE, $courseid))) {
        if (!empty($USER->groupsediting)) {
            $string = get_string('turneditingoff');
            $edit = 'off';
        } else {
            $string = get_string('turneditingon');
            $edit = 'on';
        }

        return "frametarget method=\"get\" action=\"$CFG->wwwroot/group/index.php\">".
               ''.
               "".
               "".
               "";
    }
}

/**
 * Prints an appropriate group selection menu
 *
 * @uses VISIBLEGROUPS
 * @param array $groups ?
 * @param int $groupmode ?
 * @param string $currentgroup ?
 * @param string $urlroot ?
 * @param boolean $showall: if set to 0, it is a student in separate groups, do not display all participants
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function print_group_menu($groups, $groupmode, $currentgroup, $urlroot, $showall=1, $return=false) {

    $output = '';
    $groupsmenu = array();

/// Add an "All groups" to the start of the menu
    if ($showall){
        $groupsmenu[0] = get_string('allparticipants');
    }
    foreach ($groups as $key => $group) {
        $groupsmenu[$key] = format_string($group->name);
    }

    if ($groupmode == VISIBLEGROUPS) {
        $grouplabel = get_string('groupsvisible');
    } else {
        $grouplabel = get_string('groupsseparate');
    }

    if (count($groupsmenu) == 1) {
        $groupname = reset($groupsmenu);
        $output .= $grouplabel.': '.$groupname;
    } else {
        $output .= popup_form($urlroot.'&group=', $groupsmenu, 'selectgroup', $currentgroup, '', '', '', true, 'self', $grouplabel);
    }

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }

}

/**
 * Given a course and a (current) coursemodule
 * This function returns a small popup menu with all the
 * course activity modules in it, as a navigation menu
 * The data is taken from the serialised array stored in
 * the course record
 *
 * @param course $course A {@link $COURSE} object.
 * @param course $cm A {@link $COURSE} object.
 * @param string $targetwindow ?
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function navmenu($course, $cm=NULL, $targetwindow='self') {

    global $CFG, $THEME, $USER;

    if (empty($THEME->navmenuwidth)) {
        $width = 50;
    } else {
        $width = $THEME->navmenuwidth;
    }

    if ($cm) {
        $cm = $cm->id;
    }

    if ($course->format == 'weeks') {
        $strsection = get_string('week');
    } else {
        $strsection = get_string('topic');
    }
    $strjumpto = get_string('jumpto');

/// Casting $course->modinfo to string prevents one notice when the field is null
    if (!$modinfo = unserialize((string)$course->modinfo)) {
        return '';
    }
    $context = get_context_instance(CONTEXT_COURSE, $course->id);

    $section = -1;
    $selected = '';
    $url = '';
    $previousmod = NULL;
    $backmod = NULL;
    $nextmod = NULL;
    $selectmod = NULL;
    $logslink = NULL;
    $flag = false;
    $menu = array();
    $menustyle = array();

    $sections = get_records('course_sections','course',$course->id,'section','section,visible,summary');

    if (!empty($THEME->makenavmenulist)) {   /// A hack to produce an XHTML navmenu list for use in themes
        $THEME->navmenulist = navmenulist($course, $sections, $modinfo, $strsection, $strjumpto, $width, $cm);
    }

    foreach ($modinfo as $mod) {
        if ($mod->mod == 'label') {
            continue;
        }

        if ($mod->section > $course->numsections) {   /// Don't show excess hidden sections
            break;
        }

        if ($mod->section > 0 and $section <> $mod->section) {
            $thissection = $sections[$mod->section];

            if ($thissection->visible or !$course->hiddensections or
                has_capability('moodle/course:viewhiddensections', $context)) {
                $thissection->summary = strip_tags(format_string($thissection->summary,true));
                if ($course->format == 'weeks' or empty($thissection->summary)) {
                    $menu[] = '--'.$strsection ." ". $mod->section;
                } else {
                    if (strlen($thissection->summary) < ($width-3)) {
                        $menu[] = '--'.$thissection->summary;
                    } else {
                        $menu[] = '--'.substr($thissection->summary, 0, $width).'...';
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        $section = $mod->section;

        //Only add visible or teacher mods to jumpmenu
        if ($mod->visible or has_capability('moodle/course:viewhiddenactivities',
                                             get_context_instance(CONTEXT_MODULE, $mod->cm))) {
            $url = $mod->mod .'/view.php?id='. $mod->cm;
            if ($flag) { // the current mod is the "next" mod
                $nextmod = $mod;
                $flag = false;
            }
            if ($cm == $mod->cm) {
                $selected = $url;
                $selectmod = $mod;
                $backmod = $previousmod;
                $flag = true; // set flag so we know to use next mod for "next"
                $mod->name = $strjumpto;
                $strjumpto = '';
            } else {
                $mod->name = strip_tags(format_string(urldecode($mod->name),true));
                if (strlen($mod->name) > ($width+5)) {
                    $mod->name = substr($mod->name, 0, $width).'...';
                }
                if (!$mod->visible) {
                    $mod->name = '('.$mod->name.')';
                }
            }
            $menu[$url] = $mod->name;
            if (empty($THEME->navmenuiconshide)) {
                $menustyle[$url] = 'style="background-image: url('.$CFG->modpixpath.'/'.$mod->mod.'/icon.gif);"';  // Unfortunately necessary to do this here
            }
            $previousmod = $mod;
        }
    }
    //Accessibility: added Alt text, replaced > < with 'silent' character and 'accesshide' text.

    if ($selectmod and has_capability('moodle/site:viewreports', $context)) {
        $logstext = get_string('alllogs');
        $logslink = ''."\n".''.
                    ''."\n".'';

    }
    if ($backmod) {
        $backtext= get_string('activityprev', 'access');
        $backmod = ''."\n".''."\n".''."\n".
                   ''."\n".
                   ''.link_arrow_left($backtext, $url='', $accesshide=true)."\n".
                   ''."\n".''."\n".''."\n".''."\n";
    }
    if ($nextmod) {
        $nexttext= get_string('activitynext', 'access');
        $nextmod = ''."\n".''."\n".''."\n".
                   ''."\n".
                   ''.link_arrow_right($nexttext, $url='', $accesshide=true)."\n".
                   ''."\n".''."\n".''."\n".''."\n";
    }

    return ''."\n".''.$logslink . $backmod .
            ''.popup_form($CFG->wwwroot .'/mod/', $menu, 'navmenupopup', $selected, $strjumpto,
                       '', '', true, $targetwindow, '', $menustyle).''.
            $nextmod . ''."\n".'';
}

/**
 * Given a course
 * This function returns a small popup menu with all the
 * course activity modules in it, as a navigation menu
 * outputs a simple list structure in XHTML
 * The data is taken from the serialised array stored in
 * the course record
 *
 * @param course $course A {@link $COURSE} object.
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function navmenulist($course, $sections, $modinfo, $strsection, $strjumpto, $width=50, $cmid=0) {

    global $CFG;

    $section = -1;
    $selected = '';
    $url = '';
    $previousmod = NULL;
    $backmod = NULL;
    $nextmod = NULL;
    $selectmod = NULL;
    $logslink = NULL;
    $flag = false;
    $menu = array();

    $coursecontext = get_context_instance(CONTEXT_COURSE, $course->id);

    $menu[] = ''.$strjumpto.'';
    foreach ($modinfo as $mod) {
        if ($mod->mod == 'label') {
            continue;
        }

        if ($mod->section > $course->numsections) {   /// Don't show excess hidden sections
            break;
        }

        if ($mod->section >= 0 and $section <> $mod->section) {
            $thissection = $sections[$mod->section];

            if ($thissection->visible or !$course->hiddensections or
                      has_capability('moodle/course:viewhiddensections', $coursecontext)) {
                $thissection->summary = strip_tags(format_string($thissection->summary,true));
                if (!empty($doneheading)) {
                    $menu[] = '';
                }
                if ($course->format == 'weeks' or empty($thissection->summary)) {
                    $item = $strsection ." ". $mod->section;
                } else {
                    if (strlen($thissection->summary) < ($width-3)) {
                        $item = $thissection->summary;
                    } else {
                        $item = substr($thissection->summary, 0, $width).'...';
                    }
                }
                $menu[] = ''.$item.'';
                $menu[] = '';
                $doneheading = true;
            }
        }

        $section = $mod->section;

        //Only add visible or teacher mods to jumpmenu
        if ($mod->visible or has_capability('moodle/course:viewhiddenactivities', get_context_instance(CONTEXT_MODULE, $mod->cm))) {
            $url = $mod->mod .'/view.php?id='. $mod->cm;
            if ($flag) { // the current mod is the "next" mod
                $nextmod = $mod;
                $flag = false;
            }
            $mod->name = strip_tags(format_string(urldecode($mod->name),true));
            if (strlen($mod->name) > ($width+5)) {
                $mod->name = substr($mod->name, 0, $width).'...';
            }
            if (!$mod->visible) {
                $mod->name = '('.$mod->name.')';
            }
            $class = 'activity '.$mod->mod;
            $class .= ($cmid == $mod->cm) ? ' selected' : '';
            $menu[] = ''.
                      ''.
                      ''.$mod->name.'';
            $previousmod = $mod;
        }
    }
    if ($doneheading) {
        $menu[] = '';
    }
    $menu[] = '';

    return implode("\n", $menu);
}

/**
 * Prints form items with the names $day, $month and $year
 *
 * @param string $day   fieldname
 * @param string $month  fieldname
 * @param string $year  fieldname
 * @param int $currenttime A default timestamp in GMT
 * @param boolean $return
 */
function print_date_selector($day, $month, $year, $currenttime=0, $return=false) {

    if (!$currenttime) {
        $currenttime = time();
    }
    $currentdate = usergetdate($currenttime);

    for ($i=1; $i<=31; $i++) {
        $days[$i] = $i;
    }
    for ($i=1; $i<=12; $i++) {
        $months[$i] = userdate(gmmktime(12,0,0,$i,15,2000), "%B");
    }
    for ($i=1970; $i<=2020; $i++) {
        $years[$i] = $i;
    }
    return choose_from_menu($days,   $day,   $currentdate['mday'], '', '', '0', $return)
          .choose_from_menu($months, $month, $currentdate['mon'],  '', '', '0', $return)
          .choose_from_menu($years,  $year,  $currentdate['year'], '', '', '0', $return);

}

/**
 *Prints form items with the names $hour and $minute
 *
 * @param string $hour  fieldname
 * @param string ? $minute  fieldname
 * @param $currenttime A default timestamp in GMT
 * @param int $step minute spacing
 * @param boolean $return
 */
function print_time_selector($hour, $minute, $currenttime=0, $step=5, $return=false) {

    if (!$currenttime) {
        $currenttime = time();
    }
    $currentdate = usergetdate($currenttime);
    if ($step != 1) {
        $currentdate['minutes'] = ceil($currentdate['minutes']/$step)*$step;
    }
    for ($i=0; $i<=23; $i++) {
        $hours[$i] = sprintf("%02d",$i);
    }
    for ($i=0; $i<=59; $i+=$step) {
        $minutes[$i] = sprintf("%02d",$i);
    }

    return choose_from_menu($hours,   $hour,   $currentdate['hours'],   '','','0',$return)
          .choose_from_menu($minutes, $minute, $currentdate['minutes'], '','','0',$return);
}

/**
 * Prints time limit value selector
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param int $timelimit default
 * @param string $unit
 * @param string $name
 * @param boolean $return
 */
function print_timer_selector($timelimit = 0, $unit = '', $name = 'timelimit', $return=false) {

    global $CFG;

    if ($unit) {
        $unit = ' '.$unit;
    }

    // Max timelimit is sessiontimeout - 10 minutes.
    $maxvalue = ($CFG->sessiontimeout / 60) - 10;

    for ($i=1; $i<=$maxvalue; $i++) {
        $minutes[$i] = $i.$unit;
    }
    return choose_from_menu($minutes, $name, $timelimit, get_string('none'), '','','0',$return);
}

/**
 * Prints a grade menu (as part of an existing form) with help
 * Showing all possible numerical grades and scales
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param int $courseid ?
 * @param string $name ?
 * @param string $current ?
 * @param boolean $includenograde ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function print_grade_menu($courseid, $name, $current, $includenograde=true, $return=false) {

    global $CFG;

    $output = '';
    $strscale = get_string('scale');
    $strscales = get_string('scales');

    $scales = get_scales_menu($courseid);
    foreach ($scales as $i => $scalename) {
        $grades[-$i] = $strscale .': '. $scalename;
    }
    if ($includenograde) {
        $grades[0] = get_string('nograde');
    }
    for ($i=100; $i>=1; $i--) {
        $grades[$i] = $i;
    }
    $output .= choose_from_menu($grades, $name, $current, '', '', 0, true);

    $linkobject = '';
    $output .= link_to_popup_window ('/course/scales.php?id='. $courseid .'&list=true', 'ratingscales',
                                     $linkobject, 400, 500, $strscales, 'none', true);

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/**
 * Prints a scale menu (as part of an existing form) including help button
 * Just like {@link print_grade_menu()} but without the numeric grades
 *
 * @param int $courseid ?
 * @param string $name ?
 * @param string $current ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function print_scale_menu($courseid, $name, $current, $return=false) {

    global $CFG;

    $output = '';
    $strscales = get_string('scales');
    $output .= choose_from_menu(get_scales_menu($courseid), $name, $current, '', '', 0, true);

    $linkobject = '';
    $output .= link_to_popup_window ('/course/scales.php?id='. $courseid .'&list=true', 'ratingscales',
                                     $linkobject, 400, 500, $strscales, 'none', true);
    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/**
 * Prints a help button about a scale
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param id $courseid ?
 * @param object $scale ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function print_scale_menu_helpbutton($courseid, $scale, $return=false) {

    global $CFG;

    $output = '';
    $strscales = get_string('scales');

    $linkobject = '';
    $output .= link_to_popup_window ('/course/scales.php?id='. $courseid .'&list=true&scaleid='. $scale->id, 'ratingscale',
                                     $linkobject, 400, 500, $scale->name, 'none', true);
    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    } else {
        echo $output;
    }
}

/**
 * Print an error page displaying an error message.
 * Old method, don't call directly in new code - use print_error instead.
 *
 *
 * @uses $SESSION
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $message The message to display to the user about the error.
 * @param string $link The url where the user will be prompted to continue. If no url is provided the user will be directed to the site index page.
 */
function error ($message, $link='', $adminroot=false) {

    global $CFG, $SESSION;
    $message = clean_text($message);   // In case nasties are in here

    if (defined('FULLME') && FULLME == 'cron') {
        // Errors in cron should be mtrace'd.
        mtrace($message);
        die;
    }

    if (! defined('HEADER_PRINTED')) {
        //header not yet printed
        @header('HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found');
        print_header(get_string('error'));
    }

    echo '';
    print_simple_box($message, '', '', '', '', 'errorbox');

    debugging('Stack trace:', DEBUG_DEVELOPER);

    // in case we are logging upgrade in admin/index.php stop it
    if (function_exists('upgrade_log_finish')) {
        upgrade_log_finish();
    }

    if (!$link) {
        if ( !empty($SESSION->fromurl) ) {
            $link = $SESSION->fromurl;
            unset($SESSION->fromurl);
        } else {
            $link = $CFG->wwwroot .'/';
        }
    }

    if ($adminroot) {
        admin_externalpage_print_footer($adminroot);
    } else {
        print_continue($link);
        print_footer();
    }
    for ($i=0;$i<512;$i++) {  // Padding to help IE work with 404
        echo ' ';
    }

    die;
}

/**
 * Print an error page displaying an error message.  New method - use this for new code.
 *
 * @uses $SESSION
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $errorcode The name of the string from error.php to print
 * @param string $link The url where the user will be prompted to continue. If no url is provided the user will be directed to the site index page.
 * @param object $a Extra words and phrases that might be required in the error string
 * @param boolean $adminroot Is the page an admin settings page?
 */
function print_error ($errorcode, $module='', $link='', $a=NULL, $adminroot=false) {

    global $CFG;

    if (empty($module) || $module == 'moodle' || $module == 'core') {
        $module = 'error';
        $modulelink = 'moodle';
    } else {
        $modulelink = $module;
    }

    if (!empty($CFG->errordocroot)) {
        $errordocroot = $CFG->errordocroot;
    } else if (!empty($CFG->docroot)) {
        $errordocroot = $CFG->docroot;
    } else {
        $errordocroot = 'http://docs.moodle.org';
    }

    $message = ''.get_string($errorcode, $module, $a).''.
               ''.
               ''.
                 get_string('moreinformation').'';
    error($message, $link, $adminroot);
}
/**
 * Returns a string of html with an image of a help icon linked to a help page on a number of help topics.
 * Should be used only with htmleditor or textarea.
 * @param mixed $helptopics variable amount of params accepted. Each param may be a string or an array of arguments for
 *                  helpbutton.
 * @return string
 */
function editorhelpbutton(){
    global $CFG, $SESSION;
    $items = func_get_args();
    $i = 1;
    $urlparams = array();
    $titles = array();
    foreach ($items as $item){
        if (is_array($item)){
            $urlparams[] = "keyword$i=".urlencode($item[0]);
            $urlparams[] = "title$i=".urlencode($item[1]);
            if (isset($item[2])){
                $urlparams[] = "module$i=".urlencode($item[2]);
            }
            $titles[] = trim($item[1], ". \t");
        }elseif (is_string($item)){
            $urlparams[] = "button$i=".urlencode($item);
            switch ($item){
                case 'reading' :
                    $titles[] = get_string("helpreading");
                    break;
                case 'writing' :
                    $titles[] = get_string("helpwriting");
                    break;
                case 'questions' :
                    $titles[] = get_string("helpquestions");
                    break;
                case 'emoticons' :
                    $titles[] = get_string("helpemoticons");
                    break;
                case 'richtext' :
                    $titles[] = get_string('helprichtext');
                    break;
                case 'text' :
                    $titles[] = get_string('helptext');
                    break;
                default :
                    error('Unknown help topic '.$item);
            }
        }
        $i++;
    }
    if (count($titles)>1){
        //join last two items with an 'and'
        $a = new object();
        $a->one = $titles[count($titles) - 2];
        $a->two = $titles[count($titles) - 1];
        $titles[count($titles) - 2] = get_string('and', '', $a);
        unset($titles[count($titles) - 1]);
    }
    $alttag = join (', ', $titles);

    $paramstring = join('&', $urlparams);
    $linkobject = '';
    return link_to_popup_window(s('/lib/form/editorhelp.php?'.$paramstring), $alttag, $linkobject, 400, 500, $alttag, 'none', true);
}

/**
 * Print a help button.
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $page  The keyword that defines a help page
 * @param string $title The title of links, rollover tips, alt tags etc
 *           'Help with' (or the language equivalent) will be prefixed and '...' will be stripped.
 * @param string $module Which module is the page defined in
 * @param mixed $image Use a help image for the link?  (true/false/"both")
 * @param boolean $linktext If true, display the title next to the help icon.
 * @param string $text If defined then this text is used in the page, and
 *           the $page variable is ignored.
 * @param boolean $return If true then the output is returned as a string, if false it is printed to the current page.
 * @param string $imagetext The full text for the helpbutton icon. If empty use default help.gif
 * @return string
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function helpbutton ($page, $title='', $module='moodle', $image=true, $linktext=false, $text='', $return=false,
                     $imagetext='') {
    global $CFG, $COURSE;

    // fix for MDL-7734
    if (!empty($COURSE->lang)) {
        $forcelang = $COURSE->lang;
    } else {
        $forcelang = '';
    }

    if ($module == '') {
        $module = 'moodle';
    }

    // Warn users about new window for Accessibility
    $tooltip = get_string('helpprefix2', '', trim($title, ". \t")) .' ('.get_string('newwindow').')';

    $linkobject = '';

    if ($image) {
        if ($linktext) {
            // MDL-7469 If text link is displayed with help icon, change to alt to "help with this".
            $linkobject .= $title.' ';
            $tooltip = get_string('helpwiththis');
        }
        if ($imagetext) {
            $linkobject .= $imagetext;
        } else {
            $linkobject .= '';
        }
    } else {
        $linkobject .= $tooltip;
    }

    // fix for MDL-7734
    if ($text) {
        $url = '/help.php?module='. $module .'&text='. s(urlencode($text).'&forcelang='.$forcelang);
    } else {
        $url = '/help.php?module='. $module .'&file='. $page .'.html&forcelang='.$forcelang;
    }

    $link = ''.
            link_to_popup_window ($url, 'popup', $linkobject, 400, 500, $tooltip, 'none', true).
            '';

    if ($return) {
        return $link;
    } else {
        echo $link;
    }
}

/**
 * Print a help button.
 *
 * Prints a special help button that is a link to the "live" emoticon popup
 * @uses $CFG
 * @uses $SESSION
 * @param string $form ?
 * @param string $field ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function emoticonhelpbutton($form, $field, $return = false) {

    global $CFG, $SESSION;

    $SESSION->inserttextform = $form;
    $SESSION->inserttextfield = $field;
    $imagetext = '';
    $help = helpbutton('emoticons', get_string('helpemoticons'), 'moodle', true, true, '', true, $imagetext);
    if (!$return){
        echo $help;
    } else {
        return $help;
    }
}

/**
 * Print a help button.
 *
 * Prints a special help button for html editors (htmlarea in this case)
 * @uses $CFG
 */
function editorshortcutshelpbutton() {

    global $CFG;
    $imagetext = '';

    return helpbutton('editorshortcuts', get_string('editorshortcutkeys'), 'moodle', true, false, '', true, $imagetext);
}

/**
 * Print a message and exit.
 *
 * @uses $CFG
 * @param string $message ?
 * @param string $link ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function notice ($message, $link='', $course=NULL, $adminroot='') {
    global $CFG, $SITE;

    $message = clean_text($message);

    print_box($message, 'generalbox', 'notice');
    print_continue($link);

    // xhtml strict fix, need to make sure it's the right footer
    if ($adminroot) {
        admin_externalpage_print_footer($adminroot);
        exit;
    }

    if (empty($course)) {
        print_footer($SITE);
    } else {
        print_footer($course);
    }
    exit;
}

/**
 * Print a message along with "Yes" and "No" links for the user to continue.
 *
 * @param string $message The text to display
 * @param string $linkyes The link to take the user to if they choose "Yes"
 * @param string $linkno The link to take the user to if they choose "No"
 */
function notice_yesno ($message, $linkyes, $linkno, $optionsyes=NULL, $optionsno=NULL, $methodyes='post', $methodno='post') {

    global $CFG;

    $message = clean_text($message);
    $linkyes = clean_text($linkyes);
    $linkno = clean_text($linkno);

    print_box_start('generalbox', 'notice');
    echo ''. $message .'';
    echo '';
    print_single_button($linkyes, $optionsyes, get_string('yes'), $methodyes, $CFG->framename);
    print_single_button($linkno,  $optionsno,  get_string('no'),  $methodno,  $CFG->framename);
    echo '';
    print_box_end();
}

/**
 * Redirects the user to another page, after printing a notice
 *
 * @param string $url The url to take the user to
 * @param string $message The text message to display to the user about the redirect, if any
 * @param string $delay How long before refreshing to the new page at $url?
 * @todo '&' needs to be encoded into '&' for XHTML compliance,
 *      however, this is not true for javascript. Therefore we
 *      first decode all entities in $url (since we cannot rely on)
 *      the correct input) and then encode for where it's needed
 *      echo "";
 */
function redirect($url, $message='', $delay=-1, $adminroot = '') {

    global $CFG;

    if (!empty($CFG->usesid) && !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()])) {
       $url = sid_process_url($url);
    }

    $message = clean_text($message);

    $url = html_entity_decode($url);
    $url = str_replace(array("\n", "\r"), '', $url); // some more cleaning
    $encodedurl = htmlentities($url);
    $tmpstr = clean_text(''); //clean encoded URL
    $encodedurl = substr($tmpstr, 9, strlen($tmpstr)-13);
    $url = html_entity_decode($encodedurl);
    $surl = addslashes($url);

    $performanceinfo = '';
    if (defined('MDL_PERF') || (!empty($CFG->perfdebug) and $CFG->perfdebug > 7)) {
        if (defined('MDL_PERFTOLOG') && !function_exists('register_shutdown_function')) {
            $perf = get_performance_info();
            error_log("PERF: " . $perf['txt']);
        }
    }

/// when no message and header printed yet, try to redirect
    if (empty($message) and !defined('HEADER_PRINTED')) {

        // Technically, HTTP/1.1 requires Location: header to contain
        // the absolute path. (In practice browsers accept relative
        // paths - but still, might as well do it properly.)
        // This code turns relative into absolute.
        if (!preg_match('|^[a-z]+:|', $url)) {
            // Get host name http://www.wherever.com
            $hostpart = preg_replace('|^(.*?[^:/])/.*$|', '$1', $CFG->wwwroot);
            if (preg_match('|^/|', $url)) {
                // URLs beginning with / are relative to web server root so we just add them in
                $url = $hostpart.$url;
            } else {
                // URLs not beginning with / are relative to path of current script, so add that on.
                $url = $hostpart.preg_replace('|\?.*$|','',me()).'/../'.$url;
            }
            // Replace all ..s
            while (true) {
                $newurl = preg_replace('|/(?!\.\.)[^/]*/\.\./|', '/', $url);
                if ($newurl == $url) {
                    break;
                }
                $url = $newurl;
            }
        }

        $delay = 0;
        //try header redirection first
        @header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 303 See Other'); //302 might not work for POST requests, 303 is ignored by obsolete clients
        @header('Location: '.$url);
        //another way for older browsers and already sent headers (eg trailing whitespace in config.php)
        echo '';
        echo '';   // To cope with Mozilla bug
        die;
    }

    if ($delay == -1) {
        $delay = 3;  // if no delay specified wait 3 seconds
    }
    if (! defined('HEADER_PRINTED')) {
        // this type of redirect might not be working in some browsers - such as lynx :-(
        print_header('', '', '', '', '');
        $delay += 3; // double redirect prevention, it was sometimes breaking upgrades before 1.7
    }
    echo '';
    echo ''. $message .'';
    echo '( '. get_string('continue') .' )';
    echo '';
// it might be better not to set timeout the same for both types of redirect, so that we can be sure which one wins
?>

docroot = false; // to prevent the link to moodle docs from being displayed on redirect page.

    // fix for MDL-8517, admin pages redirections causes bad xhtml
    if ($adminroot) {
        admin_externalpage_print_footer($adminroot);
    } else {
        print_footer('none');
    }
    die;
}

/**
 * Print a bold message in an optional color.
 *
 * @param string $message The message to print out
 * @param string $style Optional style to display message text in
 * @param string $align Alignment option
 * @param bool $return whether to return an output string or echo now
 */
function notify($message, $style='notifyproblem', $align='center', $return=false) {
    if ($style == 'green') {
        $style = 'notifysuccess';  // backward compatible with old color system
    }

    $message = clean_text($message);

    $output = ''. $message .''."\n";

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    }
    echo $output;
}


/**
 * Given an email address, this function will return an obfuscated version of it
 *
 * @param string $email The email address to obfuscate
 * @return string
 */
 function obfuscate_email($email) {

    $i = 0;
    $length = strlen($email);
    $obfuscated = '';
    while ($i < $length) {
        if (rand(0,2)) {
            $obfuscated.='%'.dechex(ord($email{$i}));
        } else {
            $obfuscated.=$email{$i};
        }
        $i++;
    }
    return $obfuscated;
}

/**
 * This function takes some text and replaces about half of the characters
 * with HTML entity equivalents.   Return string is obviously longer.
 *
 * @param string $plaintext The text to be obfuscated
 * @return string
 */
function obfuscate_text($plaintext) {

    $i=0;
    $length = strlen($plaintext);
    $obfuscated='';
    $prev_obfuscated = false;
    while ($i < $length) {
        $c = ord($plaintext{$i});
        $numerical = ($c >= ord('0')) && ($c <= ord('9'));
        if ($prev_obfuscated and $numerical ) {
            $obfuscated.='&#'.ord($plaintext{$i}).';';
        } else if (rand(0,2)) {
            $obfuscated.='&#'.ord($plaintext{$i}).';';
            $prev_obfuscated = true;
        } else {
            $obfuscated.=$plaintext{$i};
            $prev_obfuscated = false;
        }
      $i++;
    }
    return $obfuscated;
}

/**
 * This function uses the {@link obfuscate_email()} and {@link obfuscate_text()}
 * to generate a fully obfuscated email link, ready to use.
 *
 * @param string $email The email address to display
 * @param string $label The text to dispalyed as hyperlink to $email
 * @param boolean $dimmed If true then use css class 'dimmed' for hyperlink
 * @return string
 */
function obfuscate_mailto($email, $label='', $dimmed=false) {

    if (empty($label)) {
        $label = $email;
    }
    if ($dimmed) {
        $title = get_string('emaildisable');
        $dimmed = ' class="dimmed"';
    } else {
        $title = '';
        $dimmed = '';
    }
    return sprintf("%s",
                    obfuscate_text('mailto'), obfuscate_email($email),
                    obfuscate_text($label));
}

/**
 * Prints a single paging bar to provide access to other pages  (usually in a search)
 *
 * @param int $totalcount Thetotal number of entries available to be paged through
 * @param int $page The page you are currently viewing
 * @param int $perpage The number of entries that should be shown per page
 * @param string $baseurl The url which will be used to create page numbered links. Each page will consist of the base url appended by the page
var an equal sign, then the page number.
 * @param string $pagevar This is the variable name that you use for the page number in your code (ie. 'tablepage', 'blogpage', etc)
 * @param bool $nocurr do not display the current page as a link
 * @param bool $return whether to return an output string or echo now
 * @return bool or string
 */
function print_paging_bar($totalcount, $page, $perpage, $baseurl, $pagevar='page',$nocurr=false, $return=false) {
    $maxdisplay = 18;
    $output = '';

    if ($totalcount > $perpage) {
        $output .= '';
        $output .= get_string('page') .':';
        if ($page > 0) {
            $pagenum = $page - 1;
            $output .= ' ('. get_string('previous') .') ';
        }
        if ($perpage > 0) {
            $lastpage = ceil($totalcount / $perpage);
        } else {
            $lastpage = 1;
        }
        if ($page > 15) {
            $startpage = $page - 10;
            $output .= ' 1 ...';
        } else {
            $startpage = 0;
        }
        $currpage = $startpage;
        $displaycount = 0;
        while ($displaycount < $maxdisplay and $currpage < $lastpage) {
            $displaypage = $currpage+1;
            if ($page == $currpage && empty($nocurr)) {
                $output .= '  '. $displaypage;
            } else {
                $output .= '  '. $displaypage .'';
            }
            $displaycount++;
            $currpage++;
        }
        if ($currpage < $lastpage) {
            $lastpageactual = $lastpage - 1;
            $output .= ' ...'. $lastpage .' ';
        }
        $pagenum = $page + 1;
        if ($pagenum != $displaypage) {
            $output .= '  ('. get_string('next') .')';
        }
        $output .= '';
    }

    if ($return) {
        return $output;
    }

    echo $output;
    return true;
}

/**
 * This function is used to rebuild the  tag because some formats (PLAIN and WIKI)
 * will transform it to html entities
 *
 * @param string $text Text to search for nolink tag in
 * @return string
 */
function rebuildnolinktag($text) {

    $text = preg_replace('/<(\/*nolink)>/i','<$1>',$text);

    return $text;
}

/**
 * Prints a nice side block with an optional header.  The content can either
 * be a block of HTML or a list of text with optional icons.
 *
 * @param  string $heading Block $title embedded in HTML tags, for example .
 * @param  string $content ?
 * @param  array $list ?
 * @param  array $icons ?
 * @param  string $footer ?
 * @param  array $attributes ?
 * @param  string $title Plain text title, as embedded in the $heading.
 * @todo Finish documenting this function. Show example of various attributes, etc.
 */
function print_side_block($heading='', $content='', $list=NULL, $icons=NULL, $footer='', $attributes = array(), $title='') {

    //Accessibility: skip block link, with title-text (or $block_id) to differentiate links.
    static $block_id = 0;
    $block_id++;
    if (empty($heading)) {
        $skip_text = get_string('skipblock', 'access').' '.$block_id;
    }
    else {
        $skip_text = get_string('skipa', 'access', strip_tags($title));
    }
    $skip_link = ''.$skip_text.'';
    $skip_dest = '';

    if (! empty($heading)) {
        echo $skip_link;
    }
    //ELSE: a single link on a page "Skip block 4" is too confusing - ignore.

    print_side_block_start($heading, $attributes);

    if ($content) {
        echo $content;
        if ($footer) {
            echo ''. $footer .'';
        }
    } else {
        if ($list) {
            $row = 0;
            //Accessibility: replaced unnecessary table with list, see themes/standard/styles_layout.css
            echo "\n\n";
            foreach ($list as $key => $string) {
                echo '';
                if ($icons) {
                    echo ''. $icons[$key] .'';
                }
                echo ''. $string .'';
                echo "\n";
                $row = $row ? 0:1;
            }
            echo "\n";
        }
        if ($footer) {
            echo ''. $footer .'';
        }

    }

    print_side_block_end($attributes, $title);
    echo $skip_dest;
}

/**
 * Starts a nice side block with an optional header.
 *
 * @param string $heading ?
 * @param array $attributes ?
 * @todo Finish documenting this function
 */
function print_side_block_start($heading='', $attributes = array()) {

    global $CFG, $THEME;

    // If there are no special attributes, give a default CSS class
    if (empty($attributes) || !is_array($attributes)) {
        $attributes = array('class' => 'sideblock');

    } else if(!isset($attributes['class'])) {
        $attributes['class'] = 'sideblock';

    } else if(!strpos($attributes['class'], 'sideblock')) {
        $attributes['class'] .= ' sideblock';
    }

    // OK, the class is surely there and in addition to anything
    // else, it's tagged as a sideblock

    /*

    // IE misery: if I do it this way, blocks which start hidden cannot be "unhidden"

    // If there is a cookie to hide this thing, start it hidden
    if (!empty($attributes['id']) && isset($_COOKIE['hide:'.$attributes['id']])) {
        $attributes['class'] = 'hidden '.$attributes['class'];
    }
    */

    $attrtext = '';
    foreach ($attributes as $attr => $val) {
        $attrtext .= ' '.$attr.'="'.$val.'"';
    }

    echo '';

    if ($heading) {
        //Accessibility: replaced  with H2; no, H2 more appropriate in moodleblock.class.php: _title_html.
        // echo ''.$heading.'';
        echo '';
        if (!empty($THEME->roundcorners)) {
            echo '';
            echo '';
        }
        echo $heading;
        if (!empty($THEME->roundcorners)) {
            echo '';
        }
        echo '';
    } else {
        if (!empty($THEME->roundcorners)) {
            echo '';
        }
    }

    if (!empty($THEME->roundcorners)) {
        echo '';
    }
    echo '';

}


/**
 * Print table ending tags for a side block box.
 */
function print_side_block_end($attributes = array(), $title='') {
    global $CFG, $THEME;

    echo '';

    if (!empty($THEME->roundcorners)) {
        echo '';
        echo '';
    }

    echo '';

    $strshow = addslashes_js(get_string('showblocka', 'access', strip_tags($title)));
    $strhide = addslashes_js(get_string('hideblocka', 'access', strip_tags($title)));

    // IE workaround: if I do it THIS way, it works! WTF?
    if (!empty($CFG->allowuserblockhiding) && isset($attributes['id'])) {
        echo '';
    }

}


/**
 * Prints out code needed for spellchecking.
 * Original idea by Ludo (Marc Alier).
 *
 * Opening CDATA and $