diff --git a/grade/export/key.php b/grade/export/key.php
index 093f60599fa..2922900ea08 100644
--- a/grade/export/key.php
+++ b/grade/export/key.php
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 require_once('../../config.php');
 require_once('key_form.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/grade/lib.php');
 
 /// get url variables
 $courseid = optional_param('courseid', 0, PARAM_INT);
@@ -62,6 +63,12 @@ require_login($course);
 $context = context_course::instance($course->id);
 require_capability('moodle/grade:export', $context);
 
+// Check if the user has at least one grade publishing capability.
+$plugins = grade_helper::get_plugins_export($course->id);
+if (!isset($plugins['keymanager'])) {
+    print_error('nopermissions');
+}
+
 // extra security check
 if (!empty($key->userid) and $USER->id != $key->userid) {
     print_error('notownerofkey');
diff --git a/grade/export/keymanager.php b/grade/export/keymanager.php
index 697f1bbd280..aca4e87687b 100644
--- a/grade/export/keymanager.php
+++ b/grade/export/keymanager.php
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ $context = context_course::instance($id);
 
 require_capability('moodle/grade:export', $context);
 
+// Check if the user has at least one grade publishing capability.
+$plugins = grade_helper::get_plugins_export($course->id);
+if (!isset($plugins['keymanager'])) {
+    print_error('nopermissions');
+}
+
 print_grade_page_head($course->id, 'export', 'keymanager', get_string('keymanager', 'grades'));
 
 $stredit   = get_string('edit');
diff --git a/grade/import/key.php b/grade/import/key.php
index 96d191bf9d0..ed5d931a4d3 100644
--- a/grade/import/key.php
+++ b/grade/import/key.php
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 require_once('../../config.php');
 require_once('key_form.php');
+require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/grade/lib.php');
 
 /// get url variables
 $courseid = optional_param('courseid', 0, PARAM_INT);
@@ -62,6 +63,12 @@ require_login($course);
 $context = context_course::instance($course->id);
 require_capability('moodle/grade:import', $context);
 
+// Check if the user has at least one grade publishing capability.
+$plugins = grade_helper::get_plugins_import($course->id);
+if (!isset($plugins['keymanager'])) {
+    print_error('nopermissions');
+}
+
 // extra security check
 if (!empty($key->userid) and $USER->id != $key->userid) {
     print_error('notownerofkey');
diff --git a/grade/import/keymanager.php b/grade/import/keymanager.php
index e09dc544fd5..8c93b7e4027 100644
--- a/grade/import/keymanager.php
+++ b/grade/import/keymanager.php
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ $context = context_course::instance($id);
 
 require_capability('moodle/grade:import', $context);
 
+// Check if the user has at least one grade publishing capability.
+$plugins = grade_helper::get_plugins_import($course->id);
+if (!isset($plugins['keymanager'])) {
+    print_error('nopermissions');
+}
+
 print_grade_page_head($course->id, 'import', 'keymanager', get_string('keymanager', 'grades'));
 
 $stredit   = get_string('edit');
diff --git a/grade/lib.php b/grade/lib.php
index 2b836a6af67..43b6d358778 100644
--- a/grade/lib.php
+++ b/grade/lib.php
@@ -2847,8 +2847,9 @@ abstract class grade_helper {
                 $importplugins[$plugin] = new grade_plugin_info($plugin, $url, $pluginstr);
             }
 
-
-            if ($CFG->gradepublishing) {
+            // Show key manager if grade publishing is enabled and the user has xml publishing capability.
+            // XML is the only grade import plugin that has publishing feature.
+            if ($CFG->gradepublishing && has_capability('gradeimport/xml:publish', $context)) {
                 $url = new moodle_url('/grade/import/keymanager.php', array('id'=>$courseid));
                 $importplugins['keymanager'] = new grade_plugin_info('keymanager', $url, get_string('keymanager', 'grades'));
             }
@@ -2875,17 +2876,24 @@ abstract class grade_helper {
         }
         $context = context_course::instance($courseid);
         $exportplugins = array();
+        $canpublishgrades = 0;
         if (has_capability('moodle/grade:export', $context)) {
             foreach (core_component::get_plugin_list('gradeexport') as $plugin => $plugindir) {
                 if (!has_capability('gradeexport/'.$plugin.':view', $context)) {
                     continue;
                 }
+                // All the grade export plugins has grade publishing capabilities.
+                if (has_capability('gradeexport/'.$plugin.':publish', $context)) {
+                    $canpublishgrades++;
+                }
+
                 $pluginstr = get_string('pluginname', 'gradeexport_'.$plugin);
                 $url = new moodle_url('/grade/export/'.$plugin.'/index.php', array('id'=>$courseid));
                 $exportplugins[$plugin] = new grade_plugin_info($plugin, $url, $pluginstr);
             }
 
-            if ($CFG->gradepublishing) {
+            // Show key manager if grade publishing is enabled and the user has at least one grade publishing capability.
+            if ($CFG->gradepublishing && $canpublishgrades != 0) {
                 $url = new moodle_url('/grade/export/keymanager.php', array('id'=>$courseid));
                 $exportplugins['keymanager'] = new grade_plugin_info('keymanager', $url, get_string('keymanager', 'grades'));
             }