diff --git a/course/lib.php b/course/lib.php
index 803d28da3ac..1aa7d42ee8d 100644
--- a/course/lib.php
+++ b/course/lib.php
@@ -2477,9 +2477,7 @@ function update_course($data, $editoroptions = NULL) {
 function average_number_of_participants(bool $onlyactive = false, int $lastloginsince = null): float {
     global $DB;
 
-    $params = [
-        'siteid' => SITEID,
-    ];
+    $params = [];
 
     $sql = "SELECT DISTINCT ue.userid, e.courseid
               FROM {user_enrolments} ue
@@ -2490,8 +2488,7 @@ function average_number_of_participants(bool $onlyactive = false, int $lastlogin
         $sql .= "JOIN {user} u ON u.id = ue.userid ";
     }
 
-    $sql .= "WHERE e.courseid <> :siteid
-               AND c.visible = 1 ";
+    $sql .= "WHERE e.courseid <> " . SITEID . " AND c.visible = 1 ";
 
     if ($onlyactive) {
         $sql .= "AND ue.status = :active
diff --git a/lib/enrollib.php b/lib/enrollib.php
index 334784091bf..c053a3faaab 100644
--- a/lib/enrollib.php
+++ b/lib/enrollib.php
@@ -670,8 +670,8 @@ function enrol_get_my_courses($fields = null, $sort = null, $limit = 0, $coursei
         $orderby = "ORDER BY $sort";
     }
 
-    $wheres = array("c.id <> :siteid");
-    $params = array('siteid'=>SITEID);
+    $wheres = ['c.id <> ' . SITEID];
+    $params = [];
 
     if (isset($USER->loginascontext) and $USER->loginascontext->contextlevel == CONTEXT_COURSE) {
         // list _only_ this course - anything else is asking for trouble...
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ function enrol_get_all_users_courses($userid, $onlyactive = false, $fields = nul
         $orderby = "ORDER BY $sort";
     }
 
-    $params = array('siteid'=>SITEID);
+    $params = [];
 
     if ($onlyactive) {
         $subwhere = "WHERE ue.status = :active AND e.status = :enabled AND ue.timestart < :now1 AND (ue.timeend = 0 OR ue.timeend > :now2)";
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ function enrol_get_all_users_courses($userid, $onlyactive = false, $fields = nul
                  $subwhere
                    ) en ON (en.courseid = c.id)
            $ccjoin
-             WHERE c.id <> :siteid
+             WHERE c.id <> " . SITEID . "
           $orderby";
     $params['userid']  = $userid;