// Copyright © 2025 Apple Inc.

#include <metal_simdgroup>
#include <metal_stdlib>

#include "mlx/backend/metal/kernels/fp4.h"
#include "mlx/backend/metal/kernels/fp8.h"

constant bool align_M [[function_constant(200)]];
constant bool align_N [[function_constant(201)]];
constant bool align_K [[function_constant(202)]];

using namespace metal;

#define MLX_MTL_CONST static constant constexpr const

MLX_MTL_CONST int SIMD_SIZE = 32;
MLX_MTL_CONST int QUAD_SIZE = 4;

template <int wsize = 8, int bits = 4>
inline constexpr short get_pack_factor() {
  return wsize / bits;
}

template <int wsize = 8>
inline constexpr short get_bytes_per_pack() {
  return wsize / 8;
}

template <typename T, int group_size>
static inline T dequantize_scale(uint8_t s) {
  if constexpr (group_size == 16) {
    // Use nv scale
    return T(*(thread fp8_e4m3*)(&s));
  } else {
    return T(*(thread fp8_e8m0*)(&s));
  }
}

template <int bits>
struct Quantize {
  uint8_t operator()(float x) {
    if (bits == 8) {
      return fp8_e4m3(x).bits;
    } else {
      return fp4_e2m1(x).bits;
    }
  }
};

template <int bits, typename U = float>
struct Dequantize {
  U operator()(uint8_t x) {
    if constexpr (bits == 8) {
      return U(*(thread fp8_e4m3*)(&x));
    } else {
      return U(*(thread fp4_e2m1*)(&x));
    }
  }
};

template <typename T, typename U, int values_per_thread>
inline void load_vector(const device T* x, thread U* x_thread) {
#pragma unroll
  for (int i = 0; i < values_per_thread; i++) {
    x_thread[i] = x[i];
  }
}

template <typename T, typename U, int values_per_thread>
inline void load_vector_safe(const device T* x, thread U* x_thread, int N) {
  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    x_thread[i] = x[i];
  }

  for (int i = N; i < values_per_thread; i++) {
    x_thread[i] = 0;
  }
}

template <typename U, int values_per_thread, int bits>
inline U qdot(const device uint8_t* w, const thread U* x_thread, U scale) {
  U accum = 0;
  if constexpr (bits == 4) {
    const device uint16_t* ws = (const device uint16_t*)w;
    for (int i = 0; i < (values_per_thread / 4); i++) {
      accum +=
          (x_thread[4 * i] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i]) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 1] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 4) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 2] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 8) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 3] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 12));
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 0; i < values_per_thread; i++) {
      accum += x_thread[i] * Dequantize<8>{}(w[i]);
    }
  }

  return scale * accum;
}

template <typename U, int values_per_thread, int bits>
inline U
qdot_safe(const device uint8_t* w, const thread U* x_thread, U scale, int N) {
  U accum = 0;

  if constexpr (bits == 4) {
    const device uint16_t* ws = (const device uint16_t*)w;
    for (int i = 0; i < (N / 4); i++) {
      accum +=
          (x_thread[4 * i] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i]) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 1] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 4) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 2] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 8) +
           x_thread[4 * i + 3] * Dequantize<4>{}(ws[i] >> 12));
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      accum += x_thread[i] * Dequantize<8>{}(w[i]);
    }
  }
  return scale * accum;
}

template <typename U, int values_per_thread, int bits>
inline void qouter(const thread uint8_t* w, U x, U scale, thread U* result) {
  if constexpr (bits == 4) {
    for (int i = 0; i < (values_per_thread / 2); i++) {
      result[2 * i] += x * scale * Dequantize<4>{}(w[i]);
      result[2 * i + 1] += x * scale * Dequantize<4>{}(w[i] >> 4);
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 0; i < values_per_thread; i++) {
      result[i] += x * scale * Dequantize<8>{}(w[i]);
    }
  }
}

template <typename U, int bits>
inline void dequantize(uint8_t w, U scale, threadgroup U* w_local) {
  if constexpr (bits == 4) {
    w_local[0] = scale * Dequantize<4, U>{}(w);
    w_local[1] = scale * Dequantize<4, U>{}(w >> 4);
  } else {
    w_local[0] = scale * Dequantize<8, U>{}(w);
  }
}

template <
    typename T,
    short BROWS,
    short BCOLS,
    short dst_ld,
    short reduction_dim,
    short tgp_size,
    short group_size,
    short bits>
struct QuantizedBlockLoader {
  MLX_MTL_CONST short pack_factor = get_pack_factor<8, bits>();
  MLX_MTL_CONST short bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack();
  MLX_MTL_CONST short BCOLS_PACKED = BCOLS / pack_factor;
  MLX_MTL_CONST short n_reads =
      (BCOLS_PACKED * BROWS < tgp_size) ? 1 : (BCOLS_PACKED * BROWS) / tgp_size;
  MLX_MTL_CONST short group_steps = group_size < BCOLS ? 1 : group_size / BCOLS;
  MLX_MTL_CONST short scale_step = group_size < BCOLS ? BCOLS / group_size : 1;

  static_assert(
      (n_reads * pack_factor) <= group_size,
      "The number of reads per thread must be less than the group size.");

  const int src_ld;
  const int tile_stride;
  short group_step_cnt;
  const int group_stride;

  const short thread_idx;
  const short bi;
  const short bj;

  threadgroup T* dst;
  const device uint8_t* src;
  const device uint8_t* scales;

  QuantizedBlockLoader(
      const device uint8_t* src_,
      const device uint8_t* scales_,
      const int src_ld_,
      threadgroup T* dst_,
      ushort simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
      ushort simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]])
      : src_ld(src_ld_),
        tile_stride(
            reduction_dim ? BCOLS_PACKED * bytes_per_pack
                          : BROWS * src_ld * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor),
        group_step_cnt(0),
        group_stride(BROWS * src_ld / group_size),
        thread_idx(simd_group_id * 32 + simd_lane_id),
        bi(n_reads * thread_idx / BCOLS_PACKED),
        bj((n_reads * thread_idx) % BCOLS_PACKED),
        dst(dst_ + bi * dst_ld + bj * pack_factor),
        src(src_ + bi * src_ld * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor +
            bj * bytes_per_pack),
        scales(
            scales_ + bi * src_ld / group_size +
            (bj * pack_factor) / group_size) {}

  void load_unsafe() const {
    if (BCOLS_PACKED * BROWS < tgp_size && bi >= BROWS) {
      return;
    }

    T scale = dequantize_scale<T, group_size>(*scales);
    for (int i = 0; i < n_reads; i++) {
      dequantize<T, bits>(
          src[i * bytes_per_pack], scale, dst + i * pack_factor);
    }
  }

  void load_safe(short2 src_tile_dim) const {
    if (BCOLS_PACKED * BROWS < tgp_size && bi >= BROWS) {
      return;
    }

    if (reduction_dim == 1 && bi >= src_tile_dim.x) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n_reads * pack_factor; i++) {
        dst[i] = T(0);
      }
      return;
    }

    if (reduction_dim == 0 && bi >= src_tile_dim.y) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n_reads * pack_factor; i++) {
        dst[i] = T(0);
      }
      return;
    }

    T scale = dequantize_scale<T, group_size>(*scales);
    for (int i = 0; i < n_reads; i++) {
      dequantize<T, bits>(
          src[i * bytes_per_pack], scale, dst + i * pack_factor);
    }
  }

  void next() {
    src += tile_stride;
    if (reduction_dim == 1) {
      if (group_steps > 1) {
        group_step_cnt++;
        if (group_step_cnt == group_steps) {
          group_step_cnt = 0;
          scales++;
        }
      } else {
        scales += scale_step;
      }
    } else {
      scales += group_stride;
    }
  }
};

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits, int D>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qmv_quad_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint quad_gid [[quadgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint quad_lid [[thread_index_in_quadgroup]]) {
  constexpr int quads_per_simd = SIMD_SIZE / QUAD_SIZE;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<32, bits>();
  constexpr int values_per_thread = D / QUAD_SIZE;
  constexpr int steps_per_thread =
      values_per_thread < group_size ? 1 : values_per_thread / group_size;
  constexpr int values_per_step = values_per_thread / steps_per_thread;
  constexpr int packs_per_thread = values_per_thread / pack_factor;
  constexpr int packs_per_step = values_per_step / pack_factor;
  constexpr int results_per_quadgroup = 8;

  typedef float U;

  thread U x_thread[values_per_thread];
  thread U result[results_per_quadgroup] = {0};

  // Adjust positions
  const int in_vec_size_w = in_vec_size / pack_factor;
  const int in_vec_size_g = in_vec_size / group_size;
  const int out_row = tid.y * quads_per_simd * results_per_quadgroup + quad_gid;

  w += out_row * in_vec_size_w + quad_lid * packs_per_thread;
  scales +=
      out_row * in_vec_size_g + (quad_lid * values_per_thread) / group_size;
  x += tid.x * in_vec_size + quad_lid * values_per_thread;
  y += tid.x * out_vec_size + out_row;

  load_vector<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread);

  for (int row = 0; row < results_per_quadgroup; row++) {
    auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(w + row * in_vec_size_w * quads_per_simd);
    const device uint8_t* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g * quads_per_simd;
#pragma unroll
    for (int k = 0; k < steps_per_thread; ++k) {
      U s = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(sl[0]);
      if (row * quads_per_simd + out_row < out_vec_size) {
        result[row] += qdot<U, values_per_step, bits>(
            wl, x_thread + k * values_per_step, s);
      }
      sl++;
      wl += (sizeof(uint32_t) / sizeof(uint8_t)) * packs_per_step;
    }
  }

  for (int row = 0; row < results_per_quadgroup; row++) {
    result[row] = quad_sum(result[row]);
    if (quad_lid == 0 && row * quads_per_simd + out_row < out_vec_size) {
      y[row * quads_per_simd] = static_cast<T>(result[row]);
    }
  }
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qmv_fast_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  constexpr int packs_per_thread = 2;
  constexpr int num_simdgroups = 2;
  constexpr int results_per_simdgroup = 4;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<32, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack<32>();
  constexpr int values_per_thread = pack_factor * packs_per_thread;
  constexpr int block_size = values_per_thread * SIMD_SIZE;
  constexpr int scale_step_per_thread = group_size / values_per_thread;

  const device uint8_t* ws = (const device uint8_t*)w;

  typedef float U;
  thread U x_thread[values_per_thread];
  thread U result[results_per_simdgroup] = {0};

  // Adjust positions
  const int in_vec_size_w = in_vec_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int in_vec_size_g = in_vec_size / group_size;
  const int out_row = tid.y * (num_simdgroups * results_per_simdgroup) +
      simd_gid * results_per_simdgroup;

  ws += out_row * in_vec_size_w + simd_lid * packs_per_thread * bytes_per_pack;
  scales += out_row * in_vec_size_g + simd_lid / scale_step_per_thread;
  x += tid.x * in_vec_size + simd_lid * values_per_thread;
  y += tid.x * out_vec_size + out_row;

  for (int k = 0; k < in_vec_size; k += block_size) {
    load_vector<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread);

    for (int row = 0; row < results_per_simdgroup; row++) {
      auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(ws + row * in_vec_size_w);
      const device auto* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g;

      U s = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(sl[0]);
      result[row] += qdot<U, values_per_thread, bits>(wl, x_thread, s);
    }

    ws += block_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
    scales += block_size / group_size;
    x += block_size;
  }

  for (int row = 0; row < results_per_simdgroup; row++) {
    result[row] = simd_sum(result[row]);
    if (simd_lid == 0) {
      y[row] = static_cast<T>(result[row]);
    }
  }
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qmv_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  constexpr int num_simdgroups = 2;
  constexpr int results_per_simdgroup = 4;
  constexpr int packs_per_thread = 1;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<32, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack<32>();

  constexpr int values_per_thread = pack_factor * packs_per_thread;
  constexpr int block_size = values_per_thread * SIMD_SIZE;
  constexpr int scale_step_per_thread = group_size / values_per_thread;

  const device uint8_t* ws = (const device uint8_t*)w;

  typedef float U;

  thread U x_thread[values_per_thread];
  thread U result[results_per_simdgroup] = {0};

  // Adjust positions
  const int in_vec_size_w = in_vec_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int in_vec_size_g = in_vec_size / group_size;
  const int out_row = tid.y * (num_simdgroups * results_per_simdgroup) +
      simd_gid * results_per_simdgroup;
  const int used_out_row = min(out_vec_size - results_per_simdgroup, out_row);

  if (out_row >= out_vec_size) {
    return;
  }

  // In this case we need to properly guard all our reads because there isn't
  // even 1 tile in the matrix
  if (out_vec_size < (num_simdgroups * results_per_simdgroup)) {
    ws +=
        out_row * in_vec_size_w + simd_lid * packs_per_thread * bytes_per_pack;
    scales += out_row * in_vec_size_g + simd_lid / scale_step_per_thread;
    x += tid.x * in_vec_size + simd_lid * values_per_thread;
    y += tid.x * out_vec_size + out_row;

    int k = 0;
    for (; k < in_vec_size - block_size; k += block_size) {
      load_vector<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread);

      for (int row = 0; out_row + row < out_vec_size; row++) {
        auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(ws + row * in_vec_size_w);
        const device auto* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g;

        uint8_t s = sl[0];
        result[row] += qdot<U, values_per_thread, bits>(wl, x_thread, s);
      }

      ws += block_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
      scales += block_size / group_size;
      x += block_size;
    }
    const int remaining = clamp(
        static_cast<int>(in_vec_size - k - simd_lid * values_per_thread),
        0,
        values_per_thread);
    if (remaining > 0) {
      load_vector_safe<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread, remaining);

      for (int row = 0; out_row + row < out_vec_size; row++) {
        auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(ws + row * in_vec_size_w);
        const device auto* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g;

        U s = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(sl[0]);
        result[row] += qdot<U, values_per_thread, bits>(wl, x_thread, s);
      }
    }

    for (int row = 0; out_row + row < out_vec_size; row++) {
      result[row] = simd_sum(result[row]);
      if (simd_lid == 0) {
        y[row] = static_cast<T>(result[row]);
      }
    }
  }

  // In this case the last tile is moved back to redo some output values
  else {
    ws += used_out_row * in_vec_size_w +
        simd_lid * packs_per_thread * bytes_per_pack;
    scales += used_out_row * in_vec_size_g + simd_lid / scale_step_per_thread;
    x += tid.x * in_vec_size + simd_lid * values_per_thread;
    y += tid.x * out_vec_size + used_out_row;

    int k = 0;
    for (; k < in_vec_size - block_size; k += block_size) {
      load_vector<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread);

      for (int row = 0; row < results_per_simdgroup; row++) {
        auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(ws + row * in_vec_size_w);
        const device auto* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g;

        U s = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(sl[0]);
        result[row] += qdot<U, values_per_thread, bits>(wl, x_thread, s);
      }

      ws += block_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
      scales += block_size / group_size;
      x += block_size;
    }
    const int remaining = clamp(
        static_cast<int>(in_vec_size - k - simd_lid * values_per_thread),
        0,
        values_per_thread);
    if (remaining > 0) {
      load_vector_safe<T, U, values_per_thread>(x, x_thread, remaining);

      for (int row = 0; row < results_per_simdgroup; row++) {
        auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)(ws + row * in_vec_size_w);
        const device auto* sl = scales + row * in_vec_size_g;

        U s = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(sl[0]);
        result[row] +=
            qdot_safe<U, values_per_thread, bits>(wl, x_thread, s, remaining);
      }
    }
    for (int row = 0; row < results_per_simdgroup; row++) {
      result[row] = simd_sum(result[row]);
      if (simd_lid == 0) {
        y[row] = static_cast<T>(result[row]);
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, int bits>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qvm_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const int in_vec_size,
    const int out_vec_size,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  constexpr int num_simdgroups = 2;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<32, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack();

  constexpr int tn = group_size / pack_factor;
  constexpr int block_size = SIMD_SIZE;

  using W_T = uint32_t;
  const device W_T* ws = (const device W_T*)w;

  typedef float U;
  typedef struct {
    W_T wi[tn * bytes_per_pack];
  } vec_w;

  thread vec_w w_local;
  thread U result[tn * pack_factor] = {0};
  thread U scale = 0;
  thread U x_local = 0;

  // Adjust positions
  const int out_vec_size_w = out_vec_size * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int out_vec_size_g = out_vec_size / group_size;
  // 32 * (tid.y * 2 + simd_gid)
  int out_col = pack_factor * tn * (tid.y * num_simdgroups + simd_gid);
  ws += out_col * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor + simd_lid * out_vec_size_w;
  scales += out_col / group_size + simd_lid * out_vec_size_g;
  x += tid.x * in_vec_size + simd_lid;
  y += tid.x * out_vec_size + out_col;

  if (out_col >= out_vec_size) {
    return;
  }

  // Loop over in_vec in blocks of block_size
  int remaining = in_vec_size % block_size;
  if (remaining == 0) {
    for (int i = 0; i < in_vec_size; i += block_size) {
      x_local = *x;
      scale = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(*scales);
      w_local = *((device vec_w*)ws);
      qouter<U, tn * pack_factor, bits>(
          (thread uint8_t*)&w_local, x_local, scale, result);

      x += block_size;
      scales += block_size * out_vec_size_g;
      ws += block_size * out_vec_size_w;
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = block_size; i < in_vec_size; i += block_size) {
      x_local = *x;
      scale = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(*scales);
      w_local = *((device vec_w*)ws);

      qouter<U, tn * pack_factor, bits>(
          (thread uint8_t*)&w_local, x_local, scale, result);

      x += block_size;
      scales += block_size * out_vec_size_g;
      ws += block_size * out_vec_size_w;
    }
    if (static_cast<int>(simd_lid) < remaining) {
      x_local = *x;
      scale = dequantize_scale<U, group_size>(*scales);
      w_local = *((device vec_w*)ws);
    } else {
      x_local = 0;
      scale = 0;
    }
    qouter<U, tn * pack_factor, bits>(
        (thread uint8_t*)&w_local, x_local, scale, result);
  }

// Accumulate in the simdgroup
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
  for (int k = 0; k < tn * pack_factor; k++) {
    result[k] = simd_sum(result[k]);
  }

  // Store the result
  if (simd_lid == 0) {
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
    for (int k = 0; k < tn * pack_factor; k++) {
      y[k] = static_cast<T>(result[k]);
    }
  }
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const bool aligned_N,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qmm_t_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    threadgroup T* Xs,
    threadgroup T* Ws,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  static_assert(BK >= SIMD_SIZE, "BK should be larger than SIMD_SIZE");
  static_assert(BK % SIMD_SIZE == 0, "BK should be divisible by SIMD_SIZE");

  (void)lid;

  constexpr int WM = 2;
  constexpr int WN = 2;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<8, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack();

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));

  // Instantiate the appropriate BlockMMA and Loader
  using mma_t = mlx::steel::
      BlockMMA<T, T, BM, BN, BK, WM, WN, false, true, BK_padded, BK_padded>;
  using loader_x_t =
      mlx::steel::BlockLoader<T, BM, BK, BK_padded, 1, WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE>;
  using loader_w_t = QuantizedBlockLoader<
      T,
      BN,
      BK,
      BK_padded,
      1,
      WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE,
      group_size,
      bits>;

  // Set the block
  const int K_w = K * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int K_g = K / group_size;
  const int y_row = tid.y * BM;
  const int y_col = tid.x * BN;

  auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)w;

  x += y_row * static_cast<int64_t>(K);
  wl += y_col * K_w;
  scales += y_col * K_g;
  y += y_row * static_cast<int64_t>(N) + y_col;

  // Make the x loader and mma operation
  const short num_els = min(BM, M - y_row);
  const short num_outs = min(BN, N - y_col);
  loader_x_t loader_x(x, K, Xs, simd_gid, simd_lid);
  loader_w_t loader_w(wl, scales, K, Ws, simd_gid, simd_lid);
  mma_t mma_op(simd_gid, simd_lid);

  if (num_els < BM) {
    if (!aligned_N && num_outs < BN) {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_safe(short2(BK, num_els));
        loader_w.load_safe(short2(BK, num_outs));
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    } else {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_safe(short2(BK, num_els));
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (!aligned_N && num_outs < BN) {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_unsafe();
        loader_w.load_safe(short2(BK, num_outs));
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    } else {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_unsafe();
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);

        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    }
  }

  // Store results to device memory
  threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
  if (num_els < BM || num_outs < BN) {
    mma_op.store_result_safe(y, N, short2(num_outs, num_els));
  } else {
    mma_op.store_result(y, N);
  }
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
METAL_FUNC void fp_qmm_n_impl(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    threadgroup T* Xs,
    threadgroup T* Ws,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  static_assert(BK >= SIMD_SIZE, "BK should be larger than SIMD_SIZE");
  static_assert(BK % SIMD_SIZE == 0, "BK should be divisible by SIMD_SIZE");

  (void)lid;

  constexpr int WM = 2;
  constexpr int WN = 2;
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<8, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack();

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));
  constexpr int BN_padded = (BN + 16 / sizeof(T));

  // Instantiate the appropriate BlockMMA and Loader
  using mma_t = mlx::steel::
      BlockMMA<T, T, BM, BN, BK, WM, WN, false, false, BK_padded, BN_padded>;
  using loader_x_t = mlx::steel::
      BlockLoader<T, BM, BK, BK_padded, 1, WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE, 1, 4>;
  using loader_w_t = QuantizedBlockLoader<
      T,
      BK,
      BN,
      BN_padded,
      0,
      WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE,
      group_size,
      bits>;

  auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)w;

  // Set the block
  const int y_row = tid.y * BM;
  const int y_col = tid.x * BN;
  x += y_row * static_cast<int64_t>(K);
  wl += y_col * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  scales += y_col / group_size;
  y += y_row * static_cast<int64_t>(N) + y_col;

  // Make the x loader and mma operation
  const short num_els = min(BM, M - y_row);
  loader_x_t loader_x(x, K, Xs, simd_gid, simd_lid);
  loader_w_t loader_w(wl, scales, N, Ws, simd_gid, simd_lid);
  mma_t mma_op(simd_gid, simd_lid);

  if (num_els < BM) {
    if ((K % BK) != 0) {
      const int k_blocks = K / BK;
      for (int k = 0; k < k_blocks; k++) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_safe(short2(BK, num_els));
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
      const short num_k = K - k_blocks * BK;
      threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
      loader_x.load_safe(short2(num_k, num_els));
      loader_w.load_safe(short2(BN, num_k));
      threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
      mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
    } else {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_safe(short2(BK, num_els));
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    }
  } else {
    if ((K % BK) != 0) {
      const int k_blocks = K / BK;
      for (int k = 0; k < k_blocks; k++) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_unsafe();
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
      const short num_k = K - k_blocks * BK;
      threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
      loader_x.load_safe(short2(num_k, BM));
      loader_w.load_safe(short2(BN, num_k));
      threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
      mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
    } else {
      for (int k = 0; k < K; k += BK) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        loader_x.load_unsafe();
        loader_w.load_unsafe();
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        mma_op.mma(Xs, Ws);
        loader_x.next();
        loader_w.next();
      }
    }
  }

  // Store results to device memory
  threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
  if (num_els < BM) {
    mma_op.store_result_safe(y, N, short2(BN, num_els));
  } else {
    mma_op.store_result(y, N);
  }
}

template <typename T>
METAL_FUNC void adjust_matrix_offsets(
    const device T*& x,
    const device uint32_t*& w,
    const device uint8_t*& scales,
    device T*& y,
    int output_stride,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]]) {
  // Set the input/output matrices
  uint32_t x_idx = tid.z;
  uint32_t w_idx = tid.z;
  if (x_batch_ndims == 1) {
    x += x_idx * x_strides[0];
  } else {
    x += elem_to_loc(x_idx, x_shape, x_strides, x_batch_ndims);
  }
  if (w_batch_ndims == 1) {
    w += w_idx * w_strides[0];
    scales += w_idx * s_strides[0];
  } else {
    ulong2 idx = elem_to_loc_broadcast(
        w_idx, w_shape, w_strides, s_strides, w_batch_ndims);
    w += idx.x;
    scales += idx.y;
  }
  y += tid.z * output_stride;
}

template <typename T>
METAL_FUNC void adjust_matrix_offsets(
    const device T*& x,
    const device uint32_t*& w,
    const device uint8_t*& scales,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T*& y,
    int output_stride,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]]) {
  // Set the input/output matrices
  uint32_t x_idx;
  uint32_t w_idx;
  if (batch_ndims == 1) {
    x_idx = lhs_indices[tid.z * lhs_strides[0]];
    w_idx = rhs_indices[tid.z * rhs_strides[0]];
  } else {
    ulong2 idx = elem_to_loc_broadcast(
        tid.z, batch_shape, lhs_strides, rhs_strides, batch_ndims);
    x_idx = lhs_indices[idx.x];
    w_idx = rhs_indices[idx.y];
  }
  if (x_batch_ndims == 1) {
    x += x_idx * x_strides[0];
  } else {
    x += elem_to_loc(x_idx, x_shape, x_strides, x_batch_ndims);
  }
  if (w_batch_ndims == 1) {
    w += w_idx * w_strides[0];
    scales += w_idx * s_strides[0];
  } else {
    ulong2 idx = elem_to_loc_broadcast(
        w_idx, w_shape, w_strides, s_strides, w_batch_ndims);
    w += idx.x;
    scales += idx.y;
  }
  y += tid.z * output_stride;
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits, int D, bool batched>
[[kernel]] void fp_qmv_quad(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint quad_gid [[quadgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint quad_lid [[thread_index_in_quadgroup]]) {
  if (batched) {
    int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        out_vec_size * M,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }
  fp_qmv_quad_impl<T, group_size, bits, D>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, quad_gid, quad_lid);
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits, bool batched>
[[kernel]] void fp_qmv_fast(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  if (batched) {
    int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        out_vec_size * M,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }
  fp_qmv_fast_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, int bits, bool batched>
[[kernel]] void fp_qmv(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  if (batched) {
    int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        out_vec_size * M,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }
  fp_qmv_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, int bits, bool batched>
[[kernel]] void fp_qvm(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  if (batched) {
    int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        out_vec_size * M,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }
  fp_qvm_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, int bits, int split_k = 32>
[[kernel]] void fp_qvm_split_k(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& final_block_size,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      y,
      out_vec_size * M,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);

  // When (in_vec_size % split_k != 0) the final block needs to be smaller
  int in_vec_size_adj =
      tid.z % split_k == split_k - 1 ? final_block_size : in_vec_size;

  fp_qvm_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size_adj, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const bool aligned_N,
    const bool batched,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
[[kernel]] void fp_qmm_t(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  (void)lid;

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));

  threadgroup T Xs[BM * BK_padded];
  threadgroup T Ws[BN * BK_padded];

  if (batched) {
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        M * N,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }
  fp_qmm_t_impl<T, group_size, bits, aligned_N, BM, BK, BN>(
      w, scales, x, y, Xs, Ws, K, N, M, tid, lid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const bool batched,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
[[kernel]] void fp_qmm_n(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  (void)lid;

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));
  constexpr int BN_padded = (BN + 16 / sizeof(T));

  threadgroup T Xs[BM * BK_padded];
  threadgroup T Ws[BK * BN_padded];

  if (batched) {
    adjust_matrix_offsets(
        x,
        w,
        scales,
        y,
        M * N,
        x_batch_ndims,
        x_shape,
        x_strides,
        w_batch_ndims,
        w_shape,
        w_strides,
        s_strides,
        tid);
  }

  fp_qmm_n_impl<T, group_size, bits, BM, BK, BN>(
      w, scales, x, y, Xs, Ws, K, N, M, tid, lid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qmv_fast(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      lhs_indices,
      rhs_indices,
      y,
      out_vec_size * M,
      batch_ndims,
      batch_shape,
      lhs_strides,
      rhs_strides,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);
  fp_qmv_fast_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qmv(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      lhs_indices,
      rhs_indices,
      y,
      out_vec_size * M,
      batch_ndims,
      batch_shape,
      lhs_strides,
      rhs_strides,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);
  fp_qmv_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <typename T, int group_size, int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qvm(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& in_vec_size,
    const constant int& out_vec_size,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  int M = x_shape[x_batch_ndims];
  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      lhs_indices,
      rhs_indices,
      y,
      out_vec_size * M,
      batch_ndims,
      batch_shape,
      lhs_strides,
      rhs_strides,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);
  fp_qvm_impl<T, group_size, bits>(
      w, scales, x, y, in_vec_size, out_vec_size, tid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const bool aligned_N,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qmm_t(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  (void)lid;

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));

  threadgroup T Xs[BM * BK_padded];
  threadgroup T Ws[BN * BK_padded];

  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      lhs_indices,
      rhs_indices,
      y,
      M * N,
      batch_ndims,
      batch_shape,
      lhs_strides,
      rhs_strides,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);
  fp_qmm_t_impl<T, group_size, bits, aligned_N, BM, BK, BN>(
      w, scales, x, y, Xs, Ws, K, N, M, tid, lid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <
    typename T,
    const int group_size,
    const int bits,
    const int BM = 32,
    const int BK = 32,
    const int BN = 32>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qmm_n(
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* lhs_indices,
    const device uint32_t* rhs_indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& K,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& M,
    const constant int& x_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* x_shape,
    const constant int64_t* x_strides,
    const constant int& w_batch_ndims,
    const constant int* w_shape,
    const constant int64_t* w_strides,
    const constant int64_t* s_strides,
    const constant int& batch_ndims,
    const constant int* batch_shape,
    const constant int64_t* lhs_strides,
    const constant int64_t* rhs_strides,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint lid [[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_gid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lid [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  (void)lid;

  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));
  constexpr int BN_padded = (BN + 16 / sizeof(T));

  threadgroup T Xs[BM * BK_padded];
  threadgroup T Ws[BK * BN_padded];

  adjust_matrix_offsets(
      x,
      w,
      scales,
      lhs_indices,
      rhs_indices,
      y,
      M * N,
      batch_ndims,
      batch_shape,
      lhs_strides,
      rhs_strides,
      x_batch_ndims,
      x_shape,
      x_strides,
      w_batch_ndims,
      w_shape,
      w_strides,
      s_strides,
      tid);
  fp_qmm_n_impl<T, group_size, bits, BM, BK, BN>(
      w, scales, x, y, Xs, Ws, K, N, M, tid, lid, simd_gid, simd_lid);
}

template <
    typename T,
    int group_size,
    int bits,
    int BM,
    int BN,
    int BK,
    int WM,
    int WN,
    bool transpose>
[[kernel]] void fp_gather_qmm_rhs(
    const device T* x,
    const device uint32_t* w,
    const device uint8_t* scales,
    const device uint32_t* indices,
    device T* y,
    const constant int& M,
    const constant int& N,
    const constant int& K,
    uint3 tid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
    uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
    uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
  constexpr int pack_factor = get_pack_factor<8, bits>();
  constexpr int bytes_per_pack = get_bytes_per_pack();
  constexpr int BK_padded = (BK + 16 / sizeof(T));
  constexpr int BN_padded = (BN + 16 / sizeof(T));

  using mma_t = mlx::steel::BlockMMA<
      T,
      T,
      BM,
      BN,
      BK,
      WM,
      WN,
      false,
      transpose,
      BK_padded,
      transpose ? BK_padded : BN_padded>;
  using loader_x_t =
      mlx::steel::BlockLoader<T, BM, BK, BK_padded, 1, WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE>;
  using loader_w_t = QuantizedBlockLoader<
      T,
      transpose ? BN : BK,
      transpose ? BK : BN,
      transpose ? BK_padded : BN_padded,
      transpose,
      WM * WN * SIMD_SIZE,
      group_size,
      bits>;

  threadgroup T Xs[BM * BK_padded];
  threadgroup T Ws[transpose ? BN * BK_padded : BK * BN_padded];

  // Compute the block
  const int K_w = K * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int K_g = K / group_size;
  const int N_w = N * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  const int N_g = N / group_size;
  const int K_it = K / BK;
  const size_t stride_w = transpose ? N * K_w : K * N_w;
  const size_t stride_s = transpose ? N * K_g : K * N_g;
  const int y_row = tid.y * BM;
  const int y_col = tid.x * BN;
  const size_t y_row_long = size_t(y_row);
  const size_t y_col_long = size_t(y_col);

  // Prepare threadgroup bounds
  const short tgp_bm = align_M ? BM : short(min(BM, M - y_row));
  const short tgp_bn = align_N ? BN : short(min(BN, N - y_col));

  // Calculate the final tiles in the case that K is not aligned
  const int k_remain = K - K_it * BK;
  const short2 tile_x = short2(k_remain, tgp_bm);
  const short2 tile_w =
      transpose ? short2(k_remain, tgp_bn) : short2(tgp_bn, k_remain);

  // Move x and output to the correct block
  auto wl = (const device uint8_t*)w;
  x += y_row_long * K;
  y += y_row_long * N + y_col_long;
  wl += transpose ? y_col_long * K_w : y_col * bytes_per_pack / pack_factor;
  scales += transpose ? y_col_long * K_g : y_col / group_size;

  // Do as many matmuls as necessary
  uint32_t index;
  short offset;
  uint32_t index_next = indices[y_row];
  short offset_next = 0;
  int n = 0;
  while (n < tgp_bm) {
    n++;
    offset = offset_next;
    index = index_next;
    offset_next = tgp_bm;
    for (; n < tgp_bm; n++) {
      if (indices[y_row + n] != index) {
        offset_next = n;
        index_next = indices[y_row + n];
        break;
      }
    }
    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);

    // Prepare threadgroup mma operation
    thread mma_t mma_op(simd_group_id, simd_lane_id);

    // Prepare threadgroup loading operations
    thread loader_x_t loader_x(x, K, Xs, simd_group_id, simd_lane_id);
    thread loader_w_t loader_w(
        wl + index * stride_w,
        scales + index * stride_s,
        transpose ? K : N,
        Ws,
        simd_group_id,
        simd_lane_id);

    // Matrices are all aligned check nothing
    if (align_M && align_N) {
      gemm_loop_aligned(Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, K_it);
      if (!align_K) {
        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
        gemm_loop_finalize(Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, tile_x, tile_w);
      }

      // Store results to device memory
      if (offset_next - offset == BM) {
        mma_op.store_result(y, N);
      } else {
        mma_op.store_result_slice(
            y, N, short2(0, offset), short2(BN, offset_next));
      }
    } else {
      // Tile aligned so check outside of the hot loop
      if ((align_M || tgp_bm == BM) && (align_N || tgp_bn == BN)) {
        gemm_loop_aligned(Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, K_it);
        if (!align_K) {
          threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
          gemm_loop_finalize(
              Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, tile_x, tile_w);
        }

        // Store results to device memory
        if (offset_next - offset == BM) {
          mma_op.store_result(y, N);
        } else {
          mma_op.store_result_slice(
              y, N, short2(0, offset), short2(BN, offset_next));
        }
      }

      // Tile partially aligned check rows
      else if (align_N || tgp_bn == BN) {
        gemm_loop_unaligned<false, true, transpose>(
            Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, K_it, tgp_bm, tgp_bn, BK);
        if (!align_K) {
          threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
          gemm_loop_finalize(
              Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, tile_x, tile_w);
        }
        mma_op.store_result_slice(
            y, N, short2(0, offset), short2(BN, offset_next));
      }

      // Tile partially aligned check cols
      else if (align_M || tgp_bm == BM) {
        gemm_loop_unaligned<true, false, transpose>(
            Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, K_it, tgp_bm, tgp_bn, BK);
        if (!align_K) {
          threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
          gemm_loop_finalize(
              Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, tile_x, tile_w);
        }
        mma_op.store_result_slice(
            y, N, short2(0, offset), short2(tgp_bn, offset_next));
      }

      // Nothing aligned so check both rows and cols
      else {
        gemm_loop_unaligned<false, false, transpose>(
            Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, K_it, tgp_bm, tgp_bn, BK);
        if (!align_K) {
          threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
          gemm_loop_finalize(
              Xs, Ws, mma_op, loader_x, loader_w, tile_x, tile_w);
        }
        mma_op.store_result_slice(
            y, N, short2(0, offset), short2(tgp_bn, offset_next));
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, const int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_quantize(
    const device T* w [[buffer(0)]],
    device uint8_t* out [[buffer(1)]],
    device uint8_t* scales [[buffer(2)]],
    uint2 tidx [[thread_position_in_grid]],
    uint2 grid_dim [[threads_per_grid]]) {
  constexpr bool use_mx_scale = group_size == 32;
  size_t index = tidx.x + grid_dim.x * size_t(tidx.y);

  float scale;
  float w_thread = w[index];
  if (use_mx_scale) {
    scale = simd_max(abs(w_thread));
  } else {
    float w_max_l = simd_max(tidx.x < 16 ? abs(w_thread) : 0.0);
    float w_max_r = simd_max(tidx.x >= 16 ? abs(w_thread) : 0.0);
    scale = tidx.x < 16 ? w_max_l : w_max_r;
  }
  scale /= bits == 4 ? 6.0f : 448.0f;

  using ScaleType = metal::conditional_t<use_mx_scale, fp8_e8m0, fp8_e4m3>;
  auto s = ScaleType(scale);
  uint8_t q_scale = s.bits;
  scale = float(s);

  size_t gindex = index / group_size;
  if (index % group_size == 0) {
    scales[gindex] = q_scale;
  }

  uint8_t output = Quantize<bits>{}(scale == 0 ? 0.0f : w_thread / scale);
  if (bits == 4) {
    uint8_t sval = simd_shuffle_down(output, 1);
    output |= sval << bits;
  }
  constexpr int pack_factor = bits == 8 ? 1 : 2;
  if (index % pack_factor == 0) {
    out[index / pack_factor] = output;
  }
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, const int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_dequantize(
    const device uint8_t* w [[buffer(0)]],
    const device uint8_t* scales [[buffer(1)]],
    device T* out [[buffer(3)]],
    uint2 index [[thread_position_in_grid]],
    uint2 grid_dim [[threads_per_grid]]) {
  constexpr bool use_mx_scale = group_size == 32;
  constexpr int pack_factor = bits == 8 ? 1 : 2;
  size_t offset = index.x + grid_dim.x * size_t(index.y);
  size_t oindex = offset * pack_factor;
  size_t gindex = oindex / group_size;

  out += oindex;

  using ScaleType = metal::conditional_t<use_mx_scale, fp8_e8m0, fp8_e4m3>;
  auto q_scale = ((device ScaleType*)(scales))[gindex];
  auto scale = float(q_scale);

  uint val = w[offset];
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
  for (int i = 0; i < pack_factor; i++) {
    uint8_t d;
    if (bits == 4) {
      d = (val >> (bits * i)) & 0x0f;
    } else if (bits == 8) {
      d = val;
    }
    out[i] = static_cast<T>(scale * Dequantize<bits>{}(d));
  }
}

template <typename T, const int group_size, const int bits>
[[kernel]] void fp_quantize_dequantize(
    const device T* w [[buffer(0)]],
    device T* out [[buffer(1)]],
    uint2 tidx [[thread_position_in_grid]],
    uint2 grid_dim [[threads_per_grid]]) {
  constexpr bool use_mx_scale = group_size == 32;
  size_t index = tidx.x + grid_dim.x * size_t(tidx.y);

  float scale;
  float w_thread = w[index];
  if (use_mx_scale) {
    scale = simd_max(abs(w_thread));
  } else {
    float w_max_l = simd_max(tidx.x < 16 ? abs(w_thread) : 0.0);
    float w_max_r = simd_max(tidx.x >= 16 ? abs(w_thread) : 0.0);
    scale = tidx.x < 16 ? w_max_l : w_max_r;
  }
  scale /= bits == 4 ? 6.0f : 448.0f;

  using ScaleType = metal::conditional_t<use_mx_scale, fp8_e8m0, fp8_e4m3>;
  auto s = ScaleType(scale);
  scale = float(s);

  uint8_t output = Quantize<bits>{}(scale == 0 ? 0.0f : w_thread / scale);

  out[index] = static_cast<T>(scale * Dequantize<bits>{}(output));
}
